Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer 1/2018

01-03-2018 | Review Article

Staging, Treatment, and Future Approaches of Gallbladder Carcinoma

Authors: Sanjeev Kumar Shukla, Govind Singh, K. S. Shahi, Bhuvan, Prabhat Pant

Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer | Issue 1/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignant cancer of the bile ducts and third most common gastrointestinal malignant in the world for public health. Its relatively low incidence and confused symptoms result in advanced disease at the time of presentation, contributing to poor prognosis and reduced survival associated with this disease. The main function of the gallbladder is to store excreted bile acids from the liver in preparation for a meal. Its main risk factor is prolonged exposure to biliary calculations, although bacterial infections and other inflammatory conditions are associated. Chronic inflammatory bowel conditions are associated with gallbladder cancer. T stage translates to identifying residual disease at reoperation for incidental gallbladder cancer and residual disease negatively affects survival.

Conclusion

It is the most common cancer of gallbladder, gallbladder cancer remains a rare disease. Gallbladder cancer is a rare disease that can be accidentally diagnosed after cholecystectomy or accidentally, often with more advanced disease. The prognosis is generally extremely poor and improvements in surgical resection of this approach have to be re-evaluated, while the role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy remains controversial.
Literature
3.
4.
go back to reference Destoll M. Rationis mendendi. In: Haak et Socios A et J Honkoop, editor. Nosocomio practico vendobonensi, Part I. Lugduni Batavorum; 1788 Destoll M. Rationis mendendi. In: Haak et Socios A et J Honkoop, editor. Nosocomio practico vendobonensi, Part I. Lugduni Batavorum; 1788
5.
go back to reference DeRegato JA, Spjut HJ. Digestive tract/accessory organo gallbladder. In: Ackerman LV, JA DR, editors. Cancer—diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. 5th ed. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1977. p. 599–604. DeRegato JA, Spjut HJ. Digestive tract/accessory organo gallbladder. In: Ackerman LV, JA DR, editors. Cancer—diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. 5th ed. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1977. p. 599–604.
6.
go back to reference Medina E. Las enfermedades digestivas en Chile, panorama epidemiologico. Revista Medica De Chile. 1988;116(3):282–8.PubMed Medina E. Las enfermedades digestivas en Chile, panorama epidemiologico. Revista Medica De Chile. 1988;116(3):282–8.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Moertel CG. The gallbladder. In: Holland JF, Frei III E, editors. Cancer medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea Ferbiger; 1982. 1782–1785. Moertel CG. The gallbladder. In: Holland JF, Frei III E, editors. Cancer medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea Ferbiger; 1982. 1782–1785.
9.
go back to reference Izarzugaza MI, Fernandez L, Forman D, Sierra MS. Burden of gallbladder cancer in Central and South America. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;44:82–9.CrossRef Izarzugaza MI, Fernandez L, Forman D, Sierra MS. Burden of gallbladder cancer in Central and South America. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;44:82–9.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Randi G, Malvezzi M, Levi F, Ferlay J, Negri E, Franceschi S, et al. Epidemiology of biliary tract cancers: an update. Ann Oncol. 2009;20:146–5.CrossRefPubMed Randi G, Malvezzi M, Levi F, Ferlay J, Negri E, Franceschi S, et al. Epidemiology of biliary tract cancers: an update. Ann Oncol. 2009;20:146–5.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Sobin LH, Wittekind C. Digestive system: gallbladder. In: TNM classification of malignant tumours. 6th ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 2002. p. 84–6. Sobin LH, Wittekind C. Digestive system: gallbladder. In: TNM classification of malignant tumours. 6th ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 2002. p. 84–6.
22.
go back to reference Sharma V, Chauhan VS, Nath G, Kumar A, Shukla VK. Role of bacteria in gallbladder carcinoma. Hepato-Gastroenterology. 2007;54(78):1622–5.PubMed Sharma V, Chauhan VS, Nath G, Kumar A, Shukla VK. Role of bacteria in gallbladder carcinoma. Hepato-Gastroenterology. 2007;54(78):1622–5.PubMed
26.
go back to reference Cetta F. The role of bacteria in pigment gallstones disease. Ann Surg. 1991;231:315–26.CrossRef Cetta F. The role of bacteria in pigment gallstones disease. Ann Surg. 1991;231:315–26.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Wistuba II, Sugio K, Hung J, Kishimoto Y, Virmani AK, Roa I, et al. Allele-specific mutations involved in the pathogenesis of endemic gallbladder carcinoma in Chile. Cancer Res. 1995;55(12):2511–5.PubMed Wistuba II, Sugio K, Hung J, Kishimoto Y, Virmani AK, Roa I, et al. Allele-specific mutations involved in the pathogenesis of endemic gallbladder carcinoma in Chile. Cancer Res. 1995;55(12):2511–5.PubMed
43.
go back to reference Gupta P, Agarwal A, Gupta V, Singh PK, Pantola C, Amit S. Expression and clinicopathological significance of estrogen and progesterone receptors in gallbladder cancer. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2012;5(2):41–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Gupta P, Agarwal A, Gupta V, Singh PK, Pantola C, Amit S. Expression and clinicopathological significance of estrogen and progesterone receptors in gallbladder cancer. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2012;5(2):41–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
46.
go back to reference Xuan YH, Choi YL, Shin YK, Kook MC, Chae SW, Park SM, et al. An immunohistochemical study of the expression of cell-cycle-regulated proteins p53, cyclin D1, RB, p27, Ki67 and MSH2 in gallbladder carcinoma and its precursor lesions. Histol Histopathol. 2005;20(1):59–66. https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-20.59.PubMed Xuan YH, Choi YL, Shin YK, Kook MC, Chae SW, Park SM, et al. An immunohistochemical study of the expression of cell-cycle-regulated proteins p53, cyclin D1, RB, p27, Ki67 and MSH2 in gallbladder carcinoma and its precursor lesions. Histol Histopathol. 2005;20(1):59–66. https://​doi.​org/​10.​14670/​HH-20.​59.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Staging, Treatment, and Future Approaches of Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors
Sanjeev Kumar Shukla
Govind Singh
K. S. Shahi
Bhuvan
Prabhat Pant
Publication date
01-03-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer / Issue 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1941-6628
Electronic ISSN: 1941-6636
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-017-0036-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer 1/2018 Go to the issue