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01-12-2016 | Review

Inflammasomes and its importance in viral infections

Authors: Gaurav Shrivastava, Moisés León-Juárez, Julio García-Cordero, David Eduardo Meza-Sánchez, Leticia Cedillo-Barrón

Published in: Immunologic Research | Issue 5-6/2016

Abstract

A complex interplay between pathogen and host determines the immune response during viral infection. A set of cytosolic sensors are expressed by immune cells to detect viral infection. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) comprise a large family of intracellular pattern recognition receptors. Members of the NLR family assemble into large multiprotein complexes, termed inflammasomes, which induce downstream immune responses to specific pathogens, environmental stimuli, and host cell damage. Inflammasomes are composed of cytoplasmic sensor molecules such as NLRP3 or absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), the adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain), and the effector protein procaspase-1. The inflammasome operates as a platform for caspase-1 activation, resulting in caspase-1-dependent proteolytic maturation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. This, in turn, activates the expression of other immune genes and facilitates lymphocyte recruitment to the site of primary infection, thereby controlling invading pathogens. Moreover, inflammasomes counter viral replication and remove infected immune cells through an inflammatory cell death, program termed as pyroptosis. As a countermeasure, viral pathogens have evolved virulence factors to antagonise inflammasome pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammasomes in sensing viral infection as well as the evasion strategies that viruses have developed to evade inflammasome-dependent immune responses. This information summarises our understanding of host defence mechanisms against viruses and highlights research areas that can provide new approaches to interfere in the pathogenesis of viral diseases.

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Title: Inflammasomes and its importance in viral infections
Authors: Gaurav Shrivastava
Moisés León-Juárez
Julio García-Cordero
David Eduardo Meza-Sánchez
Leticia Cedillo-Barrón
Publication date: 01-12-2016
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Immunologic Research / Issue 5-6/2016
Print ISSN: 0257-277X
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0755
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-016-8873-z

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Inflammasomes and its importance in viral infections

Abstract

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Springer Medicine

Abstract

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