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Endocrine
Published in: Endocrine 2/2016

01-11-2016 | Review

Implications of exercise-induced adipo-myokines in bone metabolism

Authors: Giovanni Lombardi, Fabian Sanchis-Gomar, Silvia Perego, Veronica Sansoni, Giuseppe Banfi

Published in: Endocrine | Issue 2/2016

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Abstract

Physical inactivity has been recognized, by the World Health Organization as the fourth cause of death (5.5 % worldwide). On the contrary, physical activity (PA) has been associated with improved quality of life and decreased risk of several diseases (i.e., stroke, hypertension, myocardial infarction, obesity, malignancies). Bone turnover is profoundly affected from PA both directly (load degree is the key determinant for BMD) and indirectly through the activation of several endocrine axes. Several molecules, secreted by muscle (myokines) and adipose tissues (adipokines) in response to exercise, are involved in the fine regulation of bone metabolism in response to the energy availability. Furthermore, bone regulates energy metabolism by communicating its energetic needs thanks to osteocalcin which acts on pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes. The beneficial effects of exercise on bone metabolism depends on the intermittent exposure to myokines (i.e., irisin, IL-6, LIF, IGF-I) which, instead, act as inflammatory/pro-resorptive mediators when chronically elevated; on the other hand, the reduction in the circulating levels of adipokines (i.e., leptin, visfatin, adiponectin, resistin) sustains these effects as well as improves the whole-body metabolic status. The aim of this review is to highlight the newest findings about the exercise-dependent regulation of these molecules and their role in the fine regulation of bone metabolism.
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Metadata
Title
Implications of exercise-induced adipo-myokines in bone metabolism
Authors
Giovanni Lombardi
Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
Silvia Perego
Veronica Sansoni
Giuseppe Banfi
Publication date
01-11-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Endocrine / Issue 2/2016
Print ISSN: 1355-008X
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0100
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-015-0834-0

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