Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Endocrine
Published in: Endocrine 2/2012

01-04-2012 | Mini Review

Erythropoietin produced by the retina: its role in physiology and diabetic retinopathy

Authors: Cristina Hernández, Rafael Simó

Published in: Endocrine | Issue 2/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Erythropoietin (Epo) is the principal regulator of erythropoiesis by inhibiting apoptosis and by stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid precursor cells. However, Epo also performs extra-erythropoietic actions of which the neuroprotective effects are among the most relevant. Apart from kidney and liver, Epo is also produced by the brain and the retina. In addition, Epo receptor (Epo-R) expression has also been found in the brain and in the retina, thus suggesting an autocrine/paracrine action which seems essential for the physiological homeostasis of both brain and retina. In this review, we will give an overview of the current concepts of the physiology of Epo and will focus on its role in the retina in both normal conditions and in the setting of diabetic retinopathy. Finally, the reasons as to why Epo could be contemplated as a potential new treatment for the early stages of diabetic retinopathy will be given.
Literature
1.
P. Carnot, C. DeFlandre, Sur l’activite hemopoietique de serum au cours de la regeneration du sang. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 143, 384–386 (1906)
2.
L.O. Jacobson, E. Goldwasser, W. Fried, L. Plzak, Role of the kidney in erythropoiesis. Nature 179, 633 (1957)PubMedCrossRef
3.
J.W. Fisher, B.J. Birdwell, Erythropoietin production by the in situ perfused kidney. Acta Haematol. 26, 224–232 (1961)PubMedCrossRef
4.
Z. Kuratowska, B. Lewartowski, E. Michalski, Studies on the production of erythropoietin by isolated perfused organs. Blood 18, 527–534 (1961)
5.
A.J. Erslev, In vitro production of erythropoietin by kidneys perfused with a serum free solution. Blood 44, 77–85 (1974)PubMed
6.
S.T. Koury, M.S. Bondurant, M.J. Koury, Localization of erythropoietin synthesizing cells in murine kidneys by in situ hybridization. Blood 71, 524–537 (1988)PubMed
7.
J.W. Fisher, S. Koury, T. Ducey, S. Mendel, Erythropoietin (Epo) production by interstitial cells of hypoxic monkey kindeys. Br. J. Haematol. 95, 27–32 (1996)PubMedCrossRef
8.
E.D. Zanjani, J. Poster, H. Burlington, L.I. Mann, L.R. Wasserman, Liver as the primary site of erythropoietin production in the fetus. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 89, 640–644 (1977)PubMed
9.
S.T. Koury, M.C. Bondurant, M.J. Koury, G.L. Semenza, Localization of cells producing erythropoietin in murine liver by in situ hybridization. Blood 77, 2497–2503 (1991)PubMed
10.
T. Miyake, C.K.H. Kung, E. Goldwasser, Purification of human erythropoietin. J. Biol. Chem. 252, 5558–5564 (1977)PubMed
11.
F.K. Lin, S. Suggs, C.H. Lin, J.K. Browne, R. Smailing, J.C. Egric, K.K. Chen, G.M. Fox, F. Martin, Z. Wasser, Cloning and expression of the human erythropoietin gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 7850–7884 (1985)
12.
K. Jacobs, C. Shoemaker, R. Rudersdorf, S.D. Neill, R.J. Kaufman, A. Mufson, A. Seehra, S.S. Jones, R. Hewick, E.F. Fritsch, M. Kawakita, T. Shimiza, T. Miyoke, Isolation and characterization of genomic cDNA clones of human erythropoietin. Nature 313, 806–810 (1985)PubMedCrossRef
13.
J.W. Fisher, Erythropoietin: physiology and pharmacology update. Exp. Biol. Med. 228, 1–14 (2003)
14.
S. Bartesaghi, M. Marinovich, E. Corsini, C.L. Galli, B. Viviani, Erythropoietin: a novel neuroprotective cytokine. Neurotoxicology 26, 923–928 (2005)PubMedCrossRef
15.
J.W. Fisher, Landmark advances in the development of erythropoietin. Exp. Biol. Med. 235, 1398–1411 (2010)CrossRef
16.
E. Morishita, S. Masuda, M. Nagao, Y. Yasuda, R. Sasaki, Erythropoietin receptor is expressed in rat hippocampal and cerebral cortical neurons, and erythropoietin prevents in vitro glutamate-induced neuronal death. Neuroscience 76, 105–116 (1997)PubMedCrossRef
17.
L. Calvillo, R. Latini, J. Kajstura, A. Leri, P. Anversa, P. Ghezzi, M. Salio, A. Cerami, M. Brines, Recombinant human erythropoietin protects the myocardium from ischemic–reperfusion injury and promotes beneficial remodeling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100, 4802–4806 (2003)PubMedCrossRef
18.
C. Moon, M. Krawczyk, D. Ahn, I. Ahmet, D. Paik, E.G. Lakatta, M. Talan, Erythropoietin reduces myocardial infarction and left ventricular function decline after coronary artery ligation in rats. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 100, 11612–11617 (2003)PubMedCrossRef
19.
C. Klopsch, D. Furlani, R. Gabel, W. Li, E. Pittermann, E. Uguriucan, G. Kundt, G. Zingler, U. Titze, W. Wang, L.L. Ong, K. Wagner, R.K. Li, N. Ma, G. Steinhoff, Intracardiac injection of erythropoietin induces stem cell recruitment and improves cardiac functions in a rat myocardial infarction model. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 13, 664–679 (2008)CrossRef
20.
A. Anagnostou, Z. Liu, M. Steiner, K. Chin, E.S. Lee, N. Kessimian, C.T. Noguchi, Erythropoietin receptor mRNA expression in human endothelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 3974–3978 (1994)PubMedCrossRef
21.
D. Ribatti, M. Presta, A. Vacca, R. Ria, R. Giuliani, P. Dell’Era, B. Nico, L. Roncali, F. Dammacco, Human erythropoietin induces a pro-angiogenic phenotype in cultured endothelial cells and stimulates neovascularization in vivo. Blood 93, 2627–2636 (1999)PubMed
22.
B. Bojana, B. Cokic, V.P. Cokie, X. Yu, B.B. Wiksler, A.N. Schechter, C.T. Noguchi, Erythropoietin and hypoxia stimulate erythropoietin receptor and nitric oxide production in endothelial cells. Blood 104, 2073–2080 (2004)CrossRef
23.
24.
J. Chen, K.M. Connor, C.M. Aderman, L.E. Smith, Erythropoietin deficiency decreases vascular stability in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 526–533 (2008)PubMed
25.
E.D. Zanjani, J. Poster, H. Burlington, L.I. Mann, L.R. Wasserman, Liver as the primary site of erythropoietin formation in the liver. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 89, 640–644 (1997)
26.
W. Jelkmann, Erythropoietin after a century of research: younger than ever. Eur. J. Haematol. 78, 183–205 (2007)PubMedCrossRef
27.
W. Jelkmann, Control of erythropoietin gene expression and its use in medicine. Methods Enzymol. 435, 179–197 (2007)PubMedCrossRef
28.
W. Jelkmann, Proinflammatory cytokines lowering erythropoietin production. J. Interferon. Cytokine. Res. 18, 555–559 (1992)CrossRef
29.
S. Gobert, V. Duprez, C. Lacombe, S. Gisselbrecht, P. Mayeux, Erythropoietin activates three forms of MAP kinase in UT7 erythroleukemia cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 234, 75–83 (1995)PubMedCrossRef
30.
Y. Miura, O. Muira, J.N. Ihle, N. Aoki, Activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway by the erythropoietin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 29962–29969 (1994)PubMed
31.
C. Pallard, G. Fabrice, C. Martine, B. Groner, S. Gisselbrecht, I. Dusanter-Fourt, Interleukin-3, erythropoietin, and prolactin activate a STAT5 line factor in lymphoid cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 15942–15945 (1995)PubMedCrossRef
32.
H. Wakao, N. Harada, T. Kitamura, A.L.F. Mui, A. Miyajima, Interleukin 2 and erythropoietin activate STAT5/MGF via distinct pathways. EMBO J. 14, 2527–2535 (1995)PubMed
33.
K. Penta, S.T. Sawyer, Erythropoietin induces the tyrosine phosphorylation nuclear translocation and DNA binding of STAT1 and STAT5 in erythroid cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 31282–31287 (1995)PubMedCrossRef
34.
S.S. Watowich, A. Mikami, R.A. Busche, X. Xie, P.N. Pharr, G.D. Hongmore, P. Manduit, M. Sabbah, B. Druker, W. Vainchenker, S. Fisher, C. Lacombe, S. Gisselbreccht, Erythropoietin receptors that signal through Stat5 or Stat3 support fetal liver and adult erythropoiesis: lack of specificity of STAT signals during red blood cell development. J. Interferon. Cytokine. Res. 20, 1065–1070 (2000)PubMedCrossRef
35.
36.
J.E. Damen, H. Wakao, A. Miyajima, J. Krosl, R.K. Humphries, R.L. Cutler, G. Krystal, Tyrosine 343 in the erythropoietin-receptor positively regulates erythropoietin-induced cell proliferation and STAT5 activation. EMBO J. 14, 5557–5568 (1995)PubMed
37.
H. Wu, U. Klingmuller, P. Besmer, H.F. Lodish, Interaction of the erythropoietin and stem-cell-factor receptors. Nature 377, 242–246 (1995)PubMedCrossRef
38.
M. Brines, G. Grasso, F. Fiordaliso, A. Sfacteria, P. Ghezzi, M. Fratelli, R. Latini, Q.W. Xie, J. Smart, C.J. Su-Rick, E. Pobre, D. Diaz, D. Gomez, C. Hand, T. Coleman, A. Cerami, Erythropoietin mediates tissue protection through an erythropoietin and common beta-subunit heteroreceptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 14907–14912 (2004)PubMedCrossRef
39.
H. Ubeda, M. Brines, M. Yamin, T. Umemoto, J. Ako, S. Monomura, A. Cerami, M. Kawakami, Cardioprotection by nonerythropoietic, tissue-protective peptide mimicking the 3D structure of erythropoietin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 14357–14362 (2010)CrossRef
40.
M. Brines, A. Cerami, Erythropoietin-mediated tissue protection: reducing collateral damage from the primary injury response. J. Intern. Med. 264, 405–432 (2008)PubMedCrossRef
41.
42.
C. Hernández, A. Fonollosa, M. García-Ramírez et al., Erythropoietin is expressed in the human retina and it is highly elevated in the vitreous fluid of patients with diabetic macular edema. Diabetes Care 29, 2028–2033 (2006)PubMedCrossRef
43.
M. García-Ramírez, C. Hernández, R. Simó, Expression of erythropoietin and its receptor in the human retina: a comparative study of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes Care 31, 1189–1194 (2008)PubMedCrossRef
44.
W. Jelkmann, Effects of erythropoietin on brain function. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 6, 65–79 (2005)PubMed
45.
S.P. Becerra, J. Amaral, Erythropoietin: an endogenous retinal survival factor. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 1968–1970 (2002)PubMedCrossRef
46.
T.S. Rex, T.Y. Wong, K. Kodali, S. Merry, Neuroprotection of photoreceptors by direct delivery of erythropoietin to the retina of the retinal degeneration slow mouse. Exp. Eye Res. 89, 735–740 (2009)PubMedCrossRef
47.
J. Shen, Y. Wu, J.Y. Xu, S.H. Sinclair, M. Yanoff, G. Xu, W. Li, G.T. Xu, ERK- and Akt-dependent neuroprotection by erythropoietin (EPO) against glyoxal-AGEs via modulation of Bcl-xL, Bax, and BAD. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 5, 35–46 (2010)CrossRef
48.
O.M. Martinez-Estrada, E. Rodriguez-Millan, E. Gonzalez-De Vicente, M. Reina, S. Vilaro, M. Fabre, Erythropoietin protects the in vitro blood–brain barrier against VEGF-induced permeability. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18, 2538–2544 (2003)PubMedCrossRef
49.
G. Uzum, A. Sarper Diler, N. Bahcekapili, Y. Ziya Ziylan, Erythropoietin prevents the increase in blood–brain barrier permeability during pentylenetetrazol induced seizures. Life. Sci. 78, 2571–2576 (2006)PubMedCrossRef
50.
E.A. Friedman, F.A. L’Esperance, C.D. Brown, D.H. Berman, Treating azotemia-induced anemia with erythropoietin improves diabetic eye disease. Kidney Int. 64, S57–S63 (2003)CrossRef
51.
P. Villa, P. Bigini, T. Mennini, D. Agnello, T. Laragione, A. Cagnotto, B. Viviani, M. Marinovich, A. Cerami, T.R. Coleman, M. Brines, P. Ghezzi, Erythropoietin selectively attenuates cytokine production and inflammation in cerebral ischemia by targeting neuronal apoptosis. J. Exp. Med. 198, 971–975 (2003)PubMedCrossRef
52.
H. Chung, H. Lee, F. Lamoke, H. Hrushesky, P.A. Wood, W.J. Jahng, Neuroprotective role of erythropoietin by anti-apoptosis in the retina. J. Neurosci. Res. 87, 2365–2374 (2009)PubMedCrossRef
53.
C. Heeschen, A. Aicher, R. Lehmann, S. Fichtlscherer, M. Vasa, C. Urbich, C. Mildner-Rihm, H. Martin, A.M. Zeiher, S. Dimmeler, Erythropoietin is a potent physiologic stimulus for endothelial progenitor cell mobilization. Blood 102, 1340–1346 (2003)PubMedCrossRef
54.
Y. Katsura, T. Okano, K. Matsuno, M. Osako, M. Kure, T. Watanabe, Y. Iwaki, M. Noritake, H. Kosano, H. Nishigori, T. Matsuoka, Erythropoietin is highly elevated in vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 28, 2252–2254 (2005)PubMedCrossRef
55.
D. Watanabe, K. Suzuma, S. Matsui, M. Kurimoto, J. Kiryu, M. Kita, I. Suzuma, H. Ohashi, T. Ojima, T. Murakami, T. Kobayashi, S. Masuda, M. Nagao, N. Yoshimura, H. Takagi, Erythropoietin as a retinal angiogenic factor in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 782–792 (2005)PubMedCrossRef
56.
K. Jaquet, K. Krause, M. Tawakol-Khodai, S. Geidel, K.H. Kuck, Erythropoietin and VEGF exhibit equal angiogenic potential. Microvasc. Res. 64, 326–333 (2002)PubMedCrossRef
57.
J. García-Arumí, A. Fonollosa, C. Macià, C. Hernandez, V. Martinez-Castillo, A. Boixadera, M.A. Zapata, R. Simo, Vitreous levels of erythropoietin in patients with macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusions: a comparative study with diabetic macular oedema. Eye 23, 1066–1071 (2009)PubMedCrossRef
58.
A.M. Joussen, V. Poulaki, M.L. Le, K. Koizumi, C. Esser, H. Janicki, U. Schraermeyer, N. Kociok, S. Fauser, B. Kirchhof, T.S. Kern, A.P. Adamis, A central role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. FASEB. J. 18, 1450–1452 (2004)PubMed
59.
X.M. Sun, Y.X. Zhang, Effects of glucose on growth, metabolism and EPO expresión in recombinant CHO cell cultures. Sheng. Wu. Gong. Cheng. Xue. Bao. 17, 698–702 (2001)PubMed
60.
R.J. Darling, U. Kuchibhotla, W. Glaesner, R. Micanovic, D.R. Witcher, J.M. Beals, Glycosylation of erythropoietin affects receptor binding kinetics: role of electrostática interactions. Biochemistry 41, 14524–14531 (2002)PubMedCrossRef
61.
A.W. Gross, H.F. Lodish, Cellular trafficking and degradation of erythropoietin and novel erythropoiesis stimulating proteína (NESP). J. Biol. Chem. 281, 2024–2032 (2006)PubMedCrossRef
62.
A.K. Junk, A. Mammis, S.I. Savitz, M. Singh, S. Roth, S. Malhotra, P.S. Rosenbaum, A. Cerami, M. Brines, D.M. Rosenbaum, Erythropoietin administration protects retinal neurons from acute ischemia–reperfusion injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 10659–10664 (2002)PubMedCrossRef
63.
C. Grimm, A. Wenzel, M. Groszer, H. Mayser, M. Seeliger, M. Samardzija, C. Bauer, M. Gassmann, C. Reme, HIF-1-induced erythropoietin in the hypoxic retina protects against light-induced retinal degeneration. Nat. Med. 8, 718–724 (2002)PubMedCrossRef
64.
J.C. Tsai, L. Wu, B. Worgul, M. Forbes, J. Cao, Intravitreal administration of erythropoietin and preservation of retinal ganglion cells in an experimental rat model of glaucoma. Curr. Eye Res. 30, 1025–1031 (2005)PubMedCrossRef
65.
C.J. Layton, J.P. Wood, G. Chidlow, N.N. Osborne, Neuronal death in primary retinal cultures is related to nitric oxide production, and is inhibited by erythropoietin in a glucose-sensitive manner. J. Neurochem. 92, 487–493 (2005)PubMedCrossRef
66.
J. Zhang, Y. Wu, Y. Jin, F. Ji, S.H. Sinclair, Y. Luo, G. Xu, L. Lu, W. Dai, M. Yanoff, W. Li, G.T. Xu, Intravitreal injection of erythropoietin protects both retinal vascular and neuronal cells in early diabetes. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49, 732–742 (2008)PubMedCrossRef
67.
Q. Wang, S. Gorbey, F. Pfister, S. Höger, A. Dorn-Beineke, K. Krügel, E. Berrone, L. Wu, T. Korff, J. Lin, S. Busch, A. Reichenbach, Y. Feng, H.P. Hammes, Long-term treatment with suberythropoietic Epo is vaso- and neuroprotective in experimental diabetic retinopathy. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 27, 769–782 (2011)PubMedCrossRef
68.
L.M. Hu, Y. Luo, J. Zhang, X. Lei, J. Shen, Y. Wu, M. Qin, Y.B. Unver, Y. Zhong, G.T. Xu, W. Li, Epo reduces reactive gliosis and stimulates neurotrophin expresión in Muller cells. Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed) 3, 1541–1555 (2011)
69.
M. Garcia-Ramírez, C. Hernández, M. Ruiz-Meana, M. Villarroel, L. Corraliza, D. García-Dorado, R. Simó, Erythropoietin protects retinal pigment epithelial cells against the increase of permeability induced by diabetic conditions: essential role of JAK2/PI3K signaling. Cell. Signal. 23, 1596–1602 (2011)PubMedCrossRef
70.
N. Sekiguchi, T. Inoguchi, K. Kobayashi, N. Sonoda, H. Nawata, Erythropoietin attenuated high glucose-induced apoptosis in cultured human aortic endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 334, 218–222 (2005)PubMedCrossRef
71.
J. Liu, P. Narasimhan, Y.S. Song, T. Nishi, F. Yu, Y.S. Lee, P.H. Chan, Epo protects SOD2-deficient mouse astrocytes from damage by oxidative stress. Glia 53, 360–365 (2006)PubMedCrossRef
72.
M.B. Grant, M.E. Boulton, A.V. Ljubimov, Erythropoietin: when liability becomes asset in neurovascular repair. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 467–470 (2008)PubMedCrossRef
73.
L.M. Hu, X. Lei, B. Ma, Y. Zhang, Y. Yan, Y.L. Wu, G.Z. Xu, W. Ye, L. Wang, G.X. Xu, G.T. Xu, L. Wei-Ye, Erythropoietin receptor positive circulating progenitor cells and endothelial progenitor cells in patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Chin. Med. Sci. 26, 69–76 (2011)CrossRef
74.
M. Brines, N.S. Patel, P. Villa, C. Brines, T. Mennini, M. De Paola, Z. Erbayraktar, S. Erbayraktar, B. Sepodes, C. Thiemermann, P. Ghezzi, M. Yamin, C.C. Hand, Q.W. Xie, T. Coleman, A. Cerami, Nonerythropoietic, tissue-protective peptides derived from the tertiary structure of erythropoietin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 10925–10930 (2008)PubMedCrossRef
75.
C.M. McVivar, R. Hamilton, L.M. Colhoun, T.A. Gardiner, M. Brines, A. Cerami, A.W. Stitt, Intervention with an erythropoietin-derived peptide protects against neuroglial and vascular degeneration during diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 60, 2995–3005 (2011)CrossRef
76.
E. Eljarrat-Binstock, J. Pe’er, A.J. Domb, New techniques for drug delivery to the posterior eye segment. Pharm. Res. 27, 530–543 (2010)PubMedCrossRef
77.
M. Saylor, L.K. McLoon, A.R. Harrison, M.S. Lee, Experimental and clinical evidence for brimonidine as an optic nerve and retinal neuroprotective agent: an evidence-based review. Arch. Ophthalmol. 127, 402–406 (2009)PubMedCrossRef
78.
A. Lambiase, L. Aloe, M. Centofanti, V. Parisi, F. Mantelli, V. Colafrancesco, G.L. Manni, M.G. Bucci, S. Bonini, R. Levi-Montalcini, Experimental and clinical evidence of neuroprotection by nerve growth factor eye drops: implications for glaucoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 13469–13474 (2008)CrossRef
79.
C.J. Dong, Y. Guo, P. Agey, L. Wheeler, W.A. Hare, Alpha 2 adrenergic modulation of NMDA receptor function as a major mechanism of RGC protection in experimental glaucoma and retinal excitotoxicity. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49, 4515–4522 (2008)PubMedCrossRef
80.
L.P. Aiello, Targeting intraocular neovascularization and edema—one drop at a time. N. Engl. J. Med. 359, 967–969 (2008)PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Erythropoietin produced by the retina: its role in physiology and diabetic retinopathy
Authors
Cristina Hernández
Rafael Simó
Publication date
01-04-2012
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Endocrine / Issue 2/2012
Print ISSN: 1355-008X
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0100
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-011-9579-6

Other articles of this Issue 2/2012

Endocrine 2/2012 Go to the issue

Original Article

Time course of Graves’ ophthalmopathy after total thyroidectomy alone or followed by radioiodine therapy: a 2-year longitudinal study

Letter to the Editor

Iatrogenic heart block during treatment of a patient with Cushing’s syndrome: report of a case

Erratum

Erratum to: Shlomo Melmed: The Pituitary

Review

Sex hormone replacement in Turner syndrome

Original Article

Early protective effect of mitofusion 2 overexpression in STZ-induced diabetic rat kidney

Original Article

The source of leptin, but not leptin depletion in response to food restriction, changes during early pregnancy in mice
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits