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Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 3/2019

01-06-2019

Sex, Symptom Severity, and Quality of Life in Rheumatology

Authors: Marco Krasselt, Christoph Baerwald

Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology | Issue 3/2019

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Abstract

Inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) show a striking female predominance ranging from 3:1 in RA up to 9:1 in SLE. The background for those gender bias is not fully understood yet, but seems to be the result of a complex interaction between sex hormones, (epi-)genetics, and possibly even the composition of gut microbiota. Moreover, time of disease onset, the clinical phenotype including co-morbidities as well as the course of the diseases during life differ between genders. The patient’s sex therefore plays an emerging role for individual therapy decisions and co-morbidity screening in rheumatologic care. Male lupus patients, for example, tend to show more severe features such as renal involvement, pleurisy, and serositis, when being compared to female patients. Among RA patients, women are more likely to acquire conditions like thyroid dysfunctions, fibromyalgia, and depression than their male counterparts. These examples emphasize the importance of the patient’s gender for the clinical routine and the resulting implications for prevention and therapy. The present article is going to review potential causes for the female predominance of rheumatic diseases and will examine the gender’s impact on the disease phenotype, symptom severity, co-morbidities, and quality of life. For reasons of scope, the focus will be on RA and SLE as two of the most important rheumatic diseases with a large socioeconomic impact on society due to their incidence as well as mortality.
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Metadata
Title
Sex, Symptom Severity, and Quality of Life in Rheumatology
Authors
Marco Krasselt
Christoph Baerwald
Publication date
01-06-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1080-0549
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0267
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-017-8631-6

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