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Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 2/2016

01-04-2016

Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Comprehensive Review

Authors: Antonella Cianferoni, Jonathan Spergel

Published in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology | Issue 2/2016

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Abstract

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic atopic clinical-pathologic disease with an estimated prevalence of 1/1000 similar to the one of Crohn’s diseases. Usually, EoE is firstly suspected due to symptoms that are caused by esophageal dysfunction and/or fibrosis. EoE diagnosis is confirmed if the esophageal biopsy shows at least 15 eosinophils per high power field (eos/hpf) as a peak value in one or more of at least four specimens obtained randomly from the esophagus. Most of the patients affected by EoE have other atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, IgE-mediated food allergies, and/or atopic dermatitis. The local inflammation is a T helper type 2 (Th2) flogosis, which most likely is driven by a mixed IgE and non-IgE-mediated reaction to food and/or environmental allergens. Recently published genetic studies showed also that EoE is associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on genes which are important in atopic inflammation such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) located close to the Th2 cytokine cluster (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) on chromosome 5q22. When the EoE diagnosis is made, it is imperative to control the local eosinophilic inflammation not only to give symptomatic relief to the patient but also to prevent complications such as esophageal stricture and food impaction. EoE is treated like many other atopic diseases with a combination of topical steroids and/or food antigen avoidance.
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Metadata
Title
Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors
Antonella Cianferoni
Jonathan Spergel
Publication date
01-04-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology / Issue 2/2016
Print ISSN: 1080-0549
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0267
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-015-8501-z

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