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Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology
Published in: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology 4/2018

01-12-2018 | Stomach (P Malfertheiner, Section Editor)

Gastroduodenal “Dysbiosis”: a New Clinical Entity

Authors: Ayesha Shah, Mark Morrison, Gerald J Holtmann, MD, PhD, MBA

Published in: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology | Issue 4/2018

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Abstract

Purpose of review

Like the rest of the gastrointestinal tract, the small intestine is colonised by microbes, but how this “microbiome” affects the immune system and digestive functions has largely been overlooked, especially in the “omics” era. Here, we present recent findings that show that the diversity, density and interactions of these microbes in the small intestine can play an important role in the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders.

Recent findings

Changes in the small intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota (SI-MAM) have been shown to occur with inflammatory bowel diseases, functional gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. More recently, there is emerging evidence that small intestinal dysbiosis can be a driver for the progression of chronic liver disease. Initially believed that small intestinal dysbiosis (e.g. SIBO) is mainly due to alterations of luminal conditions (e.g. after surgical resections of the ileocecal valve), there is now enough evidence to conclude that small intestinal dysbiosis can occur without underlying structural abnormalities.

Summary

Alterations of the SI-MAM appear to play a key role for the manifestation and progression of inflammatory and metabolic disorders.
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Metadata
Title
Gastroduodenal “Dysbiosis”: a New Clinical Entity
Authors
Ayesha Shah
Mark Morrison
Gerald J Holtmann, MD, PhD, MBA
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology / Issue 4/2018
Print ISSN: 1092-8472
Electronic ISSN: 1534-309X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11938-018-0207-x

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