Top

Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine

Published in:

01-04-2014 | Cardio-oncology (S Francis, Section Editor)

Cardiac Complications of Chemotherapy: Role of Imaging

Authors: Timothy C. Tan, MD, PhD, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, MD, PhD

Published in: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine | Issue 4/2014

Opinion Statement

New advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment have increased survival rates in patients with cancer. In parallel with this increase in the number of cancer survivors is an increasing prevalence of cardiac complications from cancer treatment. Chemotherapy-induced cardiac dysfunction is a major contributor to adverse morbidity and mortality rates in cancer patients. Evidence suggests that both clinical symptoms and the traditional left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) may lack sensitivity as measures of cardiotoxicity. The early identification of subclinical LV dysfunction is becoming increasingly important, as this may allow cancer patients and their physicians to make informed decisions about therapeutic options. The features of echocardiography make it a useful tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of cardiotoxicity. This review will examine the role of cardiac imaging in detecting cardiotoxicity, focusing primarily on the conventional and more recent echocardiographic approaches for assessing subclinical cardiotoxicity.

Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62(1):10–29.PubMedCrossRef

Siegel R, DeSantis C, Virgo K, Stein K, Mariotto A, Smith T, et al. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62(4):220–41.PubMedCrossRef

Jones LW, Haykowsky MJ, Swartz JJ, Douglas PS, Mackey JR. Early breast cancer therapy and cardiovascular injury. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(15):1435–41.PubMedCrossRef

Pinder MC, Duan Z, Goodwin JS, Hortobagyi GN, Giordano SH. Congestive heart failure in older women treated with adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin. 2007;25(25):3808–15.CrossRef

Siegel RL, Ward EM, Jemal A. Trends in colorectal cancer incidence rates in the united states by tumor location and stage, 1992–2008. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21(3):411–6.PubMedCrossRef

Yeh ET, Bickford CL. Cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy: incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(24):2231–47.PubMedCrossRef

Force T, Kerkela R. Cardiotoxicity of the new cancer therapeutics–mechanisms of, and approaches to, the problem. Drug Discov Today. 2008;13(17–18):778–84.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Von Hoff DD, Layard MW, Basa P, Davis Jr HL, Von Hoff AL, Rozencweig M, et al. Risk factors for doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91(5):710–7.CrossRef

Oeffinger KC, Mertens AC, Sklar CA, Kawashima T, Hudson MM, Meadows AT, et al. Chronic health conditions in adult survivors of childhood cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(15):1572–82.PubMedCrossRef

10.

Doyle JJ, Neugut AI, Jacobson JS, Grann VR, Hershman DL. Chemotherapy and cardiotoxicity in older breast cancer patients: a population-based study. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(34):8597–605.PubMedCrossRef

11.

Lancellotti P, Nkomo VT, Badano LP, Bergler J, Bogaert J, Davin L, et al. Expert consensus for multi-modality imaging evaluation of cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy in adults: a report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013;26(9):1013–32.PubMedCrossRef

12.

Zhang S, Liu X, Bawa-Khalfe T, Lu LS, Lyu YL, Liu LF, et al. Identification of the molecular basis of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Nat Med. 2012;18(11):1639–42.PubMedCrossRef

13.

Ewer MS, Lippman SM. Type II chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction: time to recognize a new entity. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(13):2900–2.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Lal H, Kolaja KL, Force T. Cancer genetics and the cardiotoxicity of the therapeutics. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(3):267–74.PubMedCrossRef

15.•

Romond EH, Jeong JH, Rastogi P, Swain SM, Geyer CE, Jr., Ewer MS, et al. Seven-year follow-up assessment of cardiac function in NSABP B-31, a randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel (ACP) with ACP plus trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy for patients with node-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(31):3792–3799. This study demonstrate the prognostic value of LVEF in predicting chronic cardiotoxicity.

16.

Rickard J, Kumbhani DJ, Baranowski B, Martin DO, Tang WH, Wilkoff BL. Usefulness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 2010;105(4):522–6.PubMedCrossRef

17.

Felker GM, Thompson RE, Hare JM, Hruban RH, Clemetson DE, Howard DL, et al. Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(15):1077–84.PubMedCrossRef

18.•

Slamon D, Eiermann W, Robert N, Pienkowski T, Martin M, Press M, et al. Adjuvant trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med e. 2011;365(14):1273–1283. This article outlines the pattern of LVEF decrease with anthracycline and trastuzumab therapy.

19.

Cardinale D, Colombo A, Lamantia G, Colombo N, Civelli M, De Giacomi G, et al. Anthracycline–induced cardiomyopathy: clinical relevance and response to pharmacologic therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(3):213–20.PubMedCrossRef

20.

Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2005;112(12):e154–235.PubMedCrossRef

21.

Bristow MR, Thompson PD, Martin RP, Mason JW, Billingham ME, Harrison DC. Early anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Am J Med. 1978;65(5):823–32.PubMedCrossRef

22.

Oreto L, Todaro MC, Umland MM, Kramer C, Qamar R, Carerj S, et al. Use of echocardiography to evaluate the cardiac effects of therapies used in cancer treatment: what do we know? J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2012;25(11):1141–52.PubMedCrossRef

23.

Ewer MS, Lenihan DJ. Left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiotoxicity: is our ear really to the ground? J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(8):1201–3.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Jurcut R, Wildiers H, Ganame J, D'Hooge J, Paridaens R, Voigt JU. Detection and monitoring of cardiotoxicity-what does modern cardiology offer? Support Care Cancer. 2008;16(5):437–45.PubMedCrossRef

25.

Jiji RS, Kramer CM, Salerno M. Non-invasive imaging and monitoring cardiotoxicity of cancer therapeutic drugs. J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;19(2):377–88.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

26.

Carver JR, Shapiro CL, Ng A, Jacobs L, Schwartz C, Virgo KS, et al. American society of clinical oncology clinical evidence review on the ongoing care of adult cancer survivors: cardiac and pulmonary late effects. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(25):3991–4008.PubMedCrossRef

27.

Steinherz LJ, Graham T, Hurwitz R, Sondheimer HM, Schwartz RG, Shaffer EM, et al. Guidelines for cardiac monitoring of children during and after anthracycline therapy: Report of the Cardiology Committee of the Childrens Cancer Study Group. Pediatrics. 1992;89(5 Pt 1):942–9.PubMed

28.

Friedman MA, Bozdech MJ, Billingham ME, Rider AK. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Serial endomyocardial biopsies and systolic time intervals. JAMA. 1978;240(15):1603–6.PubMedCrossRef

29.

Mason JW, Bristow MR, Billingham ME, Daniels JR. Invasive and noninvasive methods of assessing adriamycin cardiotoxic effects in man: superiority of histopathologic assessment using endomyocardial biopsy. Cancer Treat Rep. 1978;62(6):857–64.PubMed

30.

Ewer MS, Ali MK, Mackay B, Wallace S, Valdivieso M, Legha SS, et al. A comparison of cardiac biopsy grades and ejection fraction estimations in patients receiving adriamycin. J Clin Oncol. 1984;2(2):112–7.PubMed

31.

Curtis JP, Sokol SI, Wang Y, Rathore SS, Ko DT, Jadbabaie F, et al. The association of left ventricular ejection fraction, mortality, and cause of death in stable outpatients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42(4):736–42.PubMedCrossRef

32.

Mitani I, Jain D, Joska TM, Burtness B, Zaret BL. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: prevention of congestive heart failure with serial cardiac function monitoring with equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography in the current era. J Nucl Cardiol. 2003;10(2):132–9.PubMedCrossRef

33.

Jensen BV, Skovsgaard T, Nielsen SL. Functional monitoring of anthracycline cardiotoxicity: a prospective, blinded, long-term observational study of outcome in 120 patients. Ann Oncol. 2002;13(5):699–709.PubMedCrossRef

34.

Steinherz LJ, Steinherz PG, Tan CT, Heller G, Murphy ML. Cardiac toxicity 4 to 20 years after completing anthracycline therapy. JAMA. 1991;266(12):1672–7.PubMedCrossRef

35.

Moja L, Tagliabue L, Balduzzi S, Parmelli E, Pistotti V, Guarneri V, et al. Trastuzumab containing regimens for early breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;4:CD006243.

36.

Seidman A, Hudis C, Pierri MK, Shak S, Paton V, Ashby M, et al. Cardiac dysfunction in the trastuzumab clinical trials experience. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(5):1215–21.PubMedCrossRef

37.

Tan-Chiu E, Yothers G, Romond E, Geyer Jr CE, Ewer M, Keefe D, et al. Assessment of cardiac dysfunction in a randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel, with or without trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy in node-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing breast cancer: Nsabp b-31. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(31):7811–9.PubMedCrossRef

38.

Isner JM, Ferrans VJ, Cohen SR, Witkind BG, Virmani R, Gottdiener JS, et al. Clinical and morphologic cardiac findings after anthracycline chemotherapy. Analysis of 64 patients studied at necropsy. Am J Cardiol. 1983;51(7):1167–74.PubMedCrossRef

39.

Alexander J, Dainiak N, Berger HJ, Goldman L, Johnstone D, Reduto L, et al. Serial assessment of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity with quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography. N Engl J Med. 1979;300(6):278–83.PubMedCrossRef

40.

Nousiainen T, Jantunen E, Vanninen E, Hartikainen J. Early decline in left ventricular ejection fraction predicts doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in lymphoma patients. Br J Cancer. 2002;86(11):1697–700.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

41.

Cheng SC, Dy TC, Feinstein SB. Contrast echocardiography: review and future directions. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81(12A):41G–8.PubMedCrossRef

42.

Hoffmann R, von Bardeleben S, ten Cate F, Borges AC, Kasprzak J, Firschke C, et al. Assessment of systolic left ventricular function: a multi-centre comparison of cineventriculography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, unenhanced and contrast-enhanced echocardiography. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(6):607–16.PubMedCrossRef

43.

Malm S, Frigstad S, Sagberg E, Larsson H, Skjaerpe T. Accurate and reproducible measurement of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction by contrast echocardiography: a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(5):1030–5.PubMedCrossRef

44.

Olszewski R, Timperley J, Szmigielski C, Monaghan M, Nihoyannopoulos P, Senior R, et al. The clinical applications of contrast echocardiography. Eur J. 2007;8(3):S13–23.

45.

Jacobs LD, Salgo IS, Goonewardena S, Weinert L, Coon P, Bardo D, et al. Rapid online quantification of left ventricular volume from real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic data. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(4):460–8.PubMedCrossRef

46.

Takuma S, Ota T, Muro T, Hozumi T, Sciacca R, Di Tullio MR, et al. Assessment of left ventricular function by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography compared with conventional noninvasive methods. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2001;14(4):275–84.PubMedCrossRef

47.

Corsi C, Coon P, Goonewardena S, Weinert L, Sugeng L, Polonsky TS, et al. Quantification of regional left ventricular wall motion from real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography in patients with poor acoustic windows: effects of contrast enhancement tested against cardiac magnetic resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006;19(7):886–93.PubMedCrossRef

48.

Thavendiranathan P, Grant AD, Negishi T, Plana JC, Popovic ZB, Marwick TH. Reproducibility of echocardiographic techniques for sequential assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes: application to patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(1):77–84.PubMedCrossRef

49.

Jenkins C, Moir S, Chan J, Rakhit D, Haluska B, Marwick TH. Left ventricular volume measurement with echocardiography: a comparison of left ventricular opacification, three-dimensional echocardiography, or both with magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(1):98–106.PubMedCrossRef

50.

Hare JL, Brown JK, Leano R, Jenkins C, Woodward N, Marwick TH. Use of myocardial deformation imaging to detect preclinical myocardial dysfunction before conventional measures in patients undergoing breast cancer treatment with trastuzumab. Am Heart J. 2009;158(2):294–301.PubMedCrossRef

51.

Moller JE, Pellikka PA, Hillis GS, Oh JK. Prognostic importance of diastolic function and filling pressure in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2006;114(5):438–44.PubMedCrossRef

52.

Lee BH, Goodenday LS, Muswick GJ, Yasnoff WA, Leighton RF, Skeel RT. Alterations in left ventricular diastolic function with doxorubicin therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;9(1):184–8.PubMedCrossRef

53.

Hausdorf G, Morf G, Beron G, Erttmann R, Winkler K, Landbeck G, et al. Long term doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in childhood: non-invasive evaluation of the contractile state and diastolic filling. Br Heart J. 1988;60(4):309–15.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

54.

Marchandise B, Schroeder E, Bosly A, Doyen C, Weynants P, Kremer R, et al. Early detection of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: interest of Doppler echocardiographic analysis of left ventricular filling dynamics. Am Heart J. 1989;118(1):92–8.PubMedCrossRef

55.

Stoddard MF, Seeger J, Liddell NE, Hadley TJ, Sullivan DM, Kupersmith J. Prolongation of isovolumetric relaxation time as assessed by Doppler echocardiography predicts doxorubicin-induced systolic dysfunction in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20(1):62–9.PubMedCrossRef

56.

Ganz WI, Sridhar KS, Forness TJ. Detection of early anthracycline cardiotoxicity by monitoring the peak filling rate. Am J Clin Oncol. 1993;16(2):109–12.PubMedCrossRef

57.

Cottin Y, Touzery C, Coudert B, Gilles A, Walker P, Massing JL, et al. Impairment of diastolic function during short-term anthracycline chemotherapy. Br Heart J. 1995;73(1):61–4.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

58.

Karakurt C, Kocak G, Ozgen U. Evaluation of the left ventricular function with tissue tracking and tissue doppler echocardiography in pediatric malignancy survivors after anthracycline therapy. Echocardiography. 2008;25(8):880–7.PubMedCrossRef

59.

Dorup I, Levitt G, Sullivan I, Sorensen K. Prospective longitudinal assessment of late anthracycline cardiotoxicity after childhood cancer: the role of diastolic function. Heart. 2004;90(10):1214–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

60.

Radulescu D, Pripon S, Parv A, Duncea C, Ciuleanu TE. Altered left ventricular diastolic performance in oncologic patients treated with epirubicin. Congestive Heart Failure. 2007;13(4):215–20.PubMedCrossRef

61.

Tassan-Mangina S, Codorean D, Metivier M, Costa B, Himberlin C, Jouannaud C, et al. Tissue Doppler imaging and conventional echocardiography after anthracycline treatment in adults: early and late alterations of left ventricular function during a prospective study. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2006;7(2):141–6.PubMedCrossRef

62.

Jones LW, Eves ND, Haykowsky M, Freedland SJ, Mackey JR. Exercise intolerance in cancer and the role of exercise therapy to reverse dysfunction. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10(6):598–605.PubMedCrossRef

63.

McKillop JH, Bristow MR, Goris ML, Billingham ME, Bockemuehl K. Sensitivity and specificity of radionuclide ejection fractions in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Am Heart J. 1983;106(5 Pt 1):1048–56.PubMedCrossRef

64.

Jarfelt M, Kujacic V, Holmgren D, Bjarnason R, Lannering B. Exercise echocardiography reveals subclinical cardiac dysfunction in young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;49(6):835–40.PubMedCrossRef

65.

Civelli M, Cardinale D, Martinoni A, Lamantia G, Colombo N, Colombo A, et al. Early reduction in left ventricular contractile reserve detected by dobutamine stress echo predicts high-dose chemotherapy-induced cardiac toxicity. Int J Cardiol. 2006;111(1):120–6.PubMedCrossRef

66.

Hamada H, Ohkubo T, Maeda M, Ogawa S. Evaluation of cardiac reserved function by high-dose dobutamine-stress echocardiography in asymptomatic anthracycline-treated survivors of childhood cancer. Pediatr Int. 2006;48(3):313–20.PubMedCrossRef

67.

Bountioukos M, Doorduijn JK, Roelandt JR, Vourvouri EC, Bax JJ, Schinkel AF, et al. Repetitive dobutamine stress echocardiography for the prediction of anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2003;4(4):300–5.PubMedCrossRef

68.

Lanzarini L, Bossi G, Laudisa ML, Klersy C, Arico M. Lack of clinically significant cardiac dysfunction during intermediate dobutamine doses in long-term childhood cancer survivors exposed to anthracyclines. Am Heart J. 2000;140(2):315–23.PubMedCrossRef

69.

D'Hooge J, Heimdal A, Jamal F, Kukulski T, Bijnens B, Rademakers F, et al. Regional strain and strain rate measurements by cardiac ultrasound: principles, implementation and limitations. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2000;1(3):154–70.PubMedCrossRef

70.

Kowalski M, Kukulski T, Jamal F, D'Hooge J, Weidemann F, Rademakers F, et al. Can natural strain and strain rate quantify regional myocardial deformation? A study in healthy subjects. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2001;27(8):1087–97.PubMedCrossRef

71.

Urheim S, Edvardsen T, Torp H, Angelsen B, Smiseth OA. Myocardial strain by Doppler echocardiography. Validation of a new method to quantify regional myocardial function. Circulation. 2000;102(10):1158–64.PubMedCrossRef

72.

Voigt JU, Arnold MF, Karlsson M, Hubbert L, Kukulski T, Hatle L, et al. Assessment of regional longitudinal myocardial strain rate derived from Doppler myocardial imaging indexes in normal and infarcted myocardium. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2000;13(6):588–98.PubMedCrossRef

73.

Ganame J, Claus P, Uyttebroeck A, Renard M, D'Hooge J, Bijnens B, et al. Myocardial dysfunction late after low-dose anthracycline treatment in asymptomatic pediatric patients. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20(12):1351–8.PubMedCrossRef

74.

Jurcut R, Wildiers H, Ganame J, D'Hooge J, De Backer J, Denys H, et al. Strain rate imaging detects early cardiac effects of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin as adjuvant therapy in elderly patients with breast cancer. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21(12):1283–9.PubMedCrossRef

75.•

Sawaya H, Sebag IA, Plana JC, Januzzi JL, Ky B, Cohen V, et al. Early detection and prediction of cardiotoxicity in chemotherapy-treated patients. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107(9):1375–1380. This is the largest study to date that demonstrates the prognostic value of strain in predicting chronic cardiotoxicity.

76.

Motoki H, Koyama J, Nakazawa H, Aizawa K, Kasai H, Izawa A, et al. Torsion analysis in the early detection of anthracycline-mediated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;13(1):95–103.PubMedCrossRef

77.

Neilan TG, Jassal DS, Perez-Sanz TM, Raher MJ, Pradhan AD, Buys ES, et al. Tissue Doppler imaging predicts left ventricular dysfunction and mortality in a murine model of cardiac injury. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(15):1868–75.PubMedCrossRef

78.

Sawaya H, Sebag IA, Plana JC, Januzzi JL, Ky B, Tan TC, et al. Assessment of echocardiography and biomarkers for the extended prediction of cardiotoxicity in patients treated with anthracyclines, taxanes and trastuzumab. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5(5):596–603.

79.

Negishi K, Negishi T, Hare JL, Haluska BA, Plana JC, Marwick TH. Independent and incremental value of deformation indices for prediction of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013;26(5):493–8.PubMedCrossRef

80.

Fallah-Rad N, Walker JR, Wassef A, Lytwyn M, Bohonis S, Fang T, et al. The utility of cardiac biomarkers, tissue velocity and strain imaging, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in predicting early left ventricular dysfunction in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor II-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant trastuzumab therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(22):2263–70.PubMedCrossRef

81.

Poterucha JT, Kutty S, Lindquist RK, Li L, Eidem BW. Changes in left ventricular longitudinal strain with anthracycline chemotherapy in adolescents precede subsequent decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2012;25(7):733–40.PubMedCrossRef

82.

Stoodley PW, Richards DA, Hui R, Boyd A, Harnett PR, Meikle SR, et al. Two-dimensional myocardial strain imaging detects changes in left ventricular systolic function immediately after anthracycline chemotherapy. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2011;12(12):945–52.PubMedCrossRef

83.

Schwartz RG, McKenzie WB, Alexander J, Sager P, D'Souza A, Manatunga A, et al. Congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction complicating doxorubicin therapy. Seven-year experience using serial radionuclide angiocardiography. Am J Med. 1987;82(6):1109–18.PubMedCrossRef

84.

Ritchie JL, Singer JW, Thorning D, Sorensen SG, Hamilton GW. Anthracycline cardiotoxicity: clinical and pathologic outcomes assessed by radionuclide ejection fraction. Cancer. 1980;46(5):1109–16.PubMedCrossRef

85.

van Royen N, Jaffe CC, Krumholz HM, Johnson KM, Lynch PJ, Natale D, et al. Comparison and reproducibility of visual echocardiographic and quantitative radionuclide left ventricular ejection fractions. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77(10):843–50.PubMedCrossRef

86.

Bird BR, Swain SM. Cardiac toxicity in breast cancer survivors: review of potential cardiac problems. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(1):14–24.PubMedCrossRef

87.

Cranney GB, Lotan CS, Dean L, Baxley W, Bouchard A, Pohost GM. Left ventricular volume measurement using cardiac axis nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Validation by calibrated ventricular angiography. Circulation. 1990;82(1):154–63.PubMedCrossRef

88.

ACCF/ACR/SCCT/SCMR/ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SIR. 2006 appropriateness criteria for cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Quality Strategic Directions Committee Appropriateness Criteria Working Group, American College of Radiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Interventional Radiology. J Am Coll Radiol. 2006;3(10):751–71.CrossRef

89.

Wassmuth R, Lentzsch S, Erdbruegger U, Schulz-Menger J, Doerken B, Dietz R, et al. Subclinical cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging-a pilot study. Am Heart J. 2001;141(6):1007–13.PubMedCrossRef

90.

Tham E, Chow K, Spavor M, Pagano J, Haykowsky M, Thompson PD. Degree of diffuse fibrosis measured by MRI correlates with LV remodelling in childhood cancer survivors after anthracycline chemotherapy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2011;13 Suppl 1:276.CrossRef

91.

Neilan TG, Coelho-Filho OR, Shah RV, Feng JH, Pena-Herrera D, Mandry D, et al. Myocardial extracellular volume by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Am J Cardiol. 2013;111(5):717–22.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

92.

Drafts BC, Twomley KM, D'Agostino Jr R, Lawrence J, Avis N, Ellis LR, et al. Low to moderate dose anthracycline-based chemotherapy is associated with early noninvasive imaging evidence of subclinical cardiovascular disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6(8):877–85.PubMedCrossRef

93.

Iles L, Pfluger H, Phrommintikul A, Cherayath J, Aksit P, Gupta SN, et al. Evaluation of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in heart failure with cardiac magnetic resonance contrast-enhanced T1 mapping. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(19):1574–80.PubMedCrossRef

94.

Ugander M, Oki AJ, Hsu LY, Kellman P, Greiser A, Aletras AH, et al. Extracellular volume imaging by magnetic resonance imaging provides insights into overt and sub-clinical myocardial pathology. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(10):1268–78.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

95.

Hundley WG, Kizilbash AM, Afridi I, Franco F, Peshock RM, Grayburn PA. Administration of an intravenous perfluorocarbon contrast agent improves echocardiographic determination of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction: comparison with cine magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32(5):1426–32.PubMedCrossRef

96.

Ganame J, Claus P, Eyskens B, Uyttebroeck A, Renard M, D'Hooge J, et al. Acute cardiac functional and morphological changes after anthracycline infusions in children. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99(7):974–7.PubMedCrossRef

97.

Jurcut R, Pappas CJ, Masci PG, Herbots L, Szulik M, Bogaert J, et al. Detection of regional myocardial dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction using velocity vector imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21(8):879–86.PubMedCrossRef

98.

Cadeddu C, Piras A, Mantovani G, Deidda M, Dessi M, Madeddu C, et al. Protective effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan on epirubicin-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and early ventricular impairment. Am Jeart J. 2010;160(3):e481–7.

99.

Stoodley PW, Richards DA, Meikle SR, Clarke J, Hui R, Thomas L. The potential role of echocardiographic strain imaging for evaluating cardiotoxicity due to cancer therapy. Heart Lung Circ. 2011;20(1):3–9.PubMedCrossRef

100.

Cheung YF, Hong WJ, Chan GC, Wong SJ, Ha SY. Left ventricular myocardial deformation and mechanical dyssynchrony in children with normal ventricular shortening fraction after anthracycline therapy. Heart. 2010;96(14):1137–41.PubMedCrossRef

101.

Tsai HR, Gjesdal O, Wethal T, Haugaa KH, Fossa A, Fossa SD, et al. Left ventricular function assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in long-term survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma treated by mediastinal radiotherapy with or without anthracycline therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107(3):472–7.PubMedCrossRef

Title: Cardiac Complications of Chemotherapy: Role of Imaging
Authors: Timothy C. Tan, MD, PhD
Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, MD, PhD
Publication date: 01-04-2014
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine / Issue 4/2014
Print ISSN: 1092-8464
Electronic ISSN: 1534-3189
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11936-014-0296-3

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Cardiac Complications of Chemotherapy: Role of Imaging

Opinion Statement

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Opinion Statement

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 4/2014

Periprocedural Management of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

VT ablation: New Developments and Approaches

Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Does Coronary Pressure Never Lie?

PFO and ASD Closure in Adulthood: Where Do We Stand?

Percutaneous Hemodynamic Support in PCI

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page