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Current Infectious Disease Reports
Published in: Current Infectious Disease Reports 11/2016

01-11-2016 | Central Nervous System Infections (K Bloch, Section Editor)

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in HIV-Uninfected Individuals

Authors: Deanna Saylor, Arun Venkatesan

Published in: Current Infectious Disease Reports | Issue 11/2016

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Abstract

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by the human neurotropic polyomavirus JC (JCV). The disease occurs virtually exclusively in immunocompromised individuals, and, prior to the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, was seen most commonly in the setting of HIV/AIDS. More recently, however, the incidence of PML in HIV-uninfected persons has increased with broader use of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory medications utilized in a variety of systemic and neurologic autoimmune disorders. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of PML in HIV-uninfected individuals, as well as diagnostic modalities and the limited treatment options. Moreover, we describe recent findings regarding the neuropathogenesis of PML, with specific focus on the unique association between PML and natalizumab, a monoclonal antibody that prevents trafficking of activated leukocytes into the CNS that is used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Metadata
Title
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in HIV-Uninfected Individuals
Authors
Deanna Saylor
Arun Venkatesan
Publication date
01-11-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Infectious Disease Reports / Issue 11/2016
Print ISSN: 1523-3847
Electronic ISSN: 1534-3146
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-016-0543-8

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