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Current HIV/AIDS Reports
Published in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports 3/2021

01-06-2021 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus | HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and NS Utay, Section Editors)

Neuroimaging the Neuropathogenesis of HIV

Authors: Anna H. Boerwinkle, Karin L. Meeker, Patrick Luckett, Beau M. Ances

Published in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports | Issue 3/2021

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review highlights neuroimaging studies of HIV conducted over the last 2 years and discusses how relevant findings further our knowledge of the neuropathology of HIV. Three major avenues of neuroimaging research are covered with a particular emphasis on inflammation, aging, and substance use in persons living with HIV (PLWH).

Recent Findings

Neuroimaging has been a critical tool for understanding the neuropathological underpinnings observed in HIV. Recent studies comparing levels of neuroinflammation in PLWH and HIV-negative controls show inconsistent results but report an association between elevated neuroinflammation and poorer cognition in PLWH. Other recent neuroimaging studies suggest that older PLWH are at increased risk for brain and cognitive compromise compared to their younger counterparts. Finally, recent findings also suggest that the effects of HIV may be exacerbated by alcohol and drug abuse.

Summary

These neuroimaging studies provide insight into the structural, functional, and molecular changes occurring in the brain due to HIV. HIV triggers a strong neuroimmune response and may lead to a cascade of events including increased chronic inflammation and cognitive decline. These outcomes are further exacerbated by age and age-related comorbidities, as well as lifestyle factors such as drug use/abuse.
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Metadata
Title
Neuroimaging the Neuropathogenesis of HIV
Authors
Anna H. Boerwinkle
Karin L. Meeker
Patrick Luckett
Beau M. Ances
Publication date
01-06-2021
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current HIV/AIDS Reports / Issue 3/2021
Print ISSN: 1548-3568
Electronic ISSN: 1548-3576
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-021-00548-z

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