Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Gastroenterology Reports 6/2011

01-12-2011 | Stomach and Duodenum (Joseph R. Pisegna, Section Editor)

Endoscopic Management of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Authors: Vinay Chandrasekhara, Gregory G. Ginsberg

Published in: Current Gastroenterology Reports | Issue 6/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Subepithelial lesions are increasingly being identified with improved endoscopic imaging technologies. Many of these lesions are now recognized as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Recent advances in immunohistochemistry have allowed for reliable differentiation of GISTs from other subepithelial tumors, thereby significantly improving our understanding of these lesions. The wealth of recent information and continual evolution in our understanding of GISTs has exposed some knowledge gaps pertaining to the optimal management of these lesions. In this article, we review the endoscopic management of GISTs as it relates to the identification, diagnosis and management of these lesions based on the best available literature and our own clinical experience to date.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Hirota S, Isozaki K, Moriyama Y, et al. Gain-of-function mutations of c-kit in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Science. 1998;279:577–80.PubMedCrossRef Hirota S, Isozaki K, Moriyama Y, et al. Gain-of-function mutations of c-kit in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Science. 1998;279:577–80.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Miettinen M, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: pathology and prognosis at different sites. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2006;23:70–83.PubMedCrossRef Miettinen M, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: pathology and prognosis at different sites. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2006;23:70–83.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Heinrich MC, Corless CL, Duensing A, et al. PDGFRA activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Science. 2003;299:708–10.PubMedCrossRef Heinrich MC, Corless CL, Duensing A, et al. PDGFRA activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Science. 2003;299:708–10.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Lee CH, Liang CW, Espinosa I. The utility of discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumor 1 (DOG1) antibody in surgical pathology-the GIST of it. Adv Anat Pathol. 2010;17:222–32.PubMedCrossRef Lee CH, Liang CW, Espinosa I. The utility of discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumor 1 (DOG1) antibody in surgical pathology-the GIST of it. Adv Anat Pathol. 2010;17:222–32.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Novelli M, Rossi S, Rodriguez-Justo M, et al. DOG1 and CD117 are the antibodies of choice in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Histopathology. 2010;57:259–70.PubMedCrossRef Novelli M, Rossi S, Rodriguez-Justo M, et al. DOG1 and CD117 are the antibodies of choice in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Histopathology. 2010;57:259–70.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Ho MY, Blanke CD. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: disease and treatment update. Gastroenterology. 2011;140:1372–6.PubMedCrossRef Ho MY, Blanke CD. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: disease and treatment update. Gastroenterology. 2011;140:1372–6.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Nilsson B, Bumming P, Meis-Kindblom JM, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the incidence, prevalence, clinical course, and prognostication in the preimatinib mesylate era–a population-based study in western Sweden. Cancer. 2005;103:821–9.PubMedCrossRef Nilsson B, Bumming P, Meis-Kindblom JM, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the incidence, prevalence, clinical course, and prognostication in the preimatinib mesylate era–a population-based study in western Sweden. Cancer. 2005;103:821–9.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Tryggvason G, Gislason HG, Magnusson MK, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Iceland, 1990–2003: the icelandic GIST study, a population-based incidence and pathologic risk stratification study. Int J Cancer. 2005;117:289–93.PubMedCrossRef Tryggvason G, Gislason HG, Magnusson MK, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Iceland, 1990–2003: the icelandic GIST study, a population-based incidence and pathologic risk stratification study. Int J Cancer. 2005;117:289–93.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Tryggvason G, Kristmundsson T, Orvar K, et al. Clinical study on gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in Iceland, 1990–2003. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52:2249–53.PubMedCrossRef Tryggvason G, Kristmundsson T, Orvar K, et al. Clinical study on gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in Iceland, 1990–2003. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52:2249–53.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Agaimy A, Wunsch PH, Hofstaedter F, et al. Minute gastric sclerosing stromal tumors (GIST tumorlets) are common in adults and frequently show c-KIT mutations. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:113–20.PubMedCrossRef Agaimy A, Wunsch PH, Hofstaedter F, et al. Minute gastric sclerosing stromal tumors (GIST tumorlets) are common in adults and frequently show c-KIT mutations. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:113–20.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Chetty R. Small and microscopically detected gastrointestinal stromal tumours: an overview. Pathology. 2008;40:9–12.PubMedCrossRef Chetty R. Small and microscopically detected gastrointestinal stromal tumours: an overview. Pathology. 2008;40:9–12.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Hwang JH, Rulyak SD, Kimmey MB, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on the management of gastric subepithelial masses. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:2217–28.PubMedCrossRef Hwang JH, Rulyak SD, Kimmey MB, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on the management of gastric subepithelial masses. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:2217–28.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Hunt GC, Smith PP, Faigel DO. Yield of tissue sampling for submucosal lesions evaluated by EUS. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:68–72.PubMedCrossRef Hunt GC, Smith PP, Faigel DO. Yield of tissue sampling for submucosal lesions evaluated by EUS. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:68–72.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Cantor MJ, Davila RE, Faigel DO. Yield of tissue sampling for subepithelial lesions evaluated by EUS: a comparison between forceps biopsies and endoscopic submucosal resection. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:29–34.PubMedCrossRef Cantor MJ, Davila RE, Faigel DO. Yield of tissue sampling for subepithelial lesions evaluated by EUS: a comparison between forceps biopsies and endoscopic submucosal resection. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:29–34.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Hwang JH, Saunders MD, Rulyak SJ, et al. A prospective study comparing endoscopy and EUS in the evaluation of GI subepithelial masses. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62:202–8.PubMedCrossRef Hwang JH, Saunders MD, Rulyak SJ, et al. A prospective study comparing endoscopy and EUS in the evaluation of GI subepithelial masses. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62:202–8.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Hunt GC, Rader AE, Faigel DO. A comparison of EUS features between CD-117 positive GI stromal tumors and CD-117 negative GI spindle cell tumors. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:469–74.PubMedCrossRef Hunt GC, Rader AE, Faigel DO. A comparison of EUS features between CD-117 positive GI stromal tumors and CD-117 negative GI spindle cell tumors. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:469–74.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Brand B, Oesterhelweg L, Binmoeller KF, et al. Impact of endoscopic ultrasound for evaluation of submucosal lesions in gastrointestinal tract. Dig Liver Dis. 2002;34:290–7.PubMedCrossRef Brand B, Oesterhelweg L, Binmoeller KF, et al. Impact of endoscopic ultrasound for evaluation of submucosal lesions in gastrointestinal tract. Dig Liver Dis. 2002;34:290–7.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Gress F, Schmitt C, Savides T, et al. Interobserver agreement for EUS in the evaluation and diagnosis of submucosal masses. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;53:71–6.PubMedCrossRef Gress F, Schmitt C, Savides T, et al. Interobserver agreement for EUS in the evaluation and diagnosis of submucosal masses. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;53:71–6.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Chak A, Canto MI, Rosch T, et al. Endosonographic differentiation of benign and malignant stromal cell tumors. Gastrointest Endosc. 1997;45:468–73.PubMedCrossRef Chak A, Canto MI, Rosch T, et al. Endosonographic differentiation of benign and malignant stromal cell tumors. Gastrointest Endosc. 1997;45:468–73.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Jeon SW, Park YD, Chung YJ, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach: endosonographic differentiation in relation to histological risk. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22:2069–75.PubMedCrossRef Jeon SW, Park YD, Chung YJ, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach: endosonographic differentiation in relation to histological risk. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22:2069–75.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Shah P, Gao F, Edmundowicz SA, et al. Predicting malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors using endoscopic ultrasound. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54:1265–9.PubMedCrossRef Shah P, Gao F, Edmundowicz SA, et al. Predicting malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors using endoscopic ultrasound. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54:1265–9.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Nickl N, Gress F, McClave S, et al. Hypoechoic intramural tumor study: final report [Abstract]. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;55:AB98. Nickl N, Gress F, McClave S, et al. Hypoechoic intramural tumor study: final report [Abstract]. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;55:AB98.
23.
go back to reference Demetri GD, Benjamin RS, Blanke CD, et al. NCCN Task Force report: management of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)–update of the NCCN clinical practice guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2007;5 Suppl 2:S1–S29.PubMed Demetri GD, Benjamin RS, Blanke CD, et al. NCCN Task Force report: management of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)–update of the NCCN clinical practice guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2007;5 Suppl 2:S1–S29.PubMed
24.
go back to reference Klapman JB, Logrono R, Dye CE, et al. Clinical impact of on-site cytopathology interpretation on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:1289–94.PubMedCrossRef Klapman JB, Logrono R, Dye CE, et al. Clinical impact of on-site cytopathology interpretation on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:1289–94.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Ando N, Goto H, Niwa Y, et al. The diagnosis of GI stromal tumors with EUS-guided fine needle aspiration with immunohistochemical analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;55:37–43.PubMedCrossRef Ando N, Goto H, Niwa Y, et al. The diagnosis of GI stromal tumors with EUS-guided fine needle aspiration with immunohistochemical analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;55:37–43.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Akahoshi K, Sumida Y, Matsui N, et al. Preoperative diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:2077–82.PubMed Akahoshi K, Sumida Y, Matsui N, et al. Preoperative diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:2077–82.PubMed
27.
go back to reference Hoda KM, Rodriguez SA, Faigel DO. EUS-guided sampling of suspected GI stromal tumors. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69:1218–23.PubMedCrossRef Hoda KM, Rodriguez SA, Faigel DO. EUS-guided sampling of suspected GI stromal tumors. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69:1218–23.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference • Sepe PS, Moparty B, Pitman MB, et al.: EUS-guided FNA for the diagnosis of GI stromal cell tumors: sensitivity and cytologic yield. Gastrointest Endosc 2009, 70:254–61. This study evaluated the diagnostic yield and sensitivity of EUS-FNA for patients with histologically confirmed c-kit-positive GISTs. Sensitivity of EUS-FNA for GISTs was 78.4%. • Sepe PS, Moparty B, Pitman MB, et al.: EUS-guided FNA for the diagnosis of GI stromal cell tumors: sensitivity and cytologic yield. Gastrointest Endosc 2009, 70:254–61. This study evaluated the diagnostic yield and sensitivity of EUS-FNA for patients with histologically confirmed c-kit-positive GISTs. Sensitivity of EUS-FNA for GISTs was 78.4%.
29.
go back to reference Mekky MA, Yamao K, Sawaki A, et al. Diagnostic utility of EUS-guided FNA in patients with gastric submucosal tumors. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:913–9.PubMedCrossRef Mekky MA, Yamao K, Sawaki A, et al. Diagnostic utility of EUS-guided FNA in patients with gastric submucosal tumors. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:913–9.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Rodriguez SA, Faigel DO. Endoscopic diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2007;23:539–43.PubMedCrossRef Rodriguez SA, Faigel DO. Endoscopic diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2007;23:539–43.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Philipper M, Hollerbach S, Gabbert HE, et al. Prospective comparison of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and surgical histology in upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors. Endoscopy. 2010;42:300–5.PubMedCrossRef Philipper M, Hollerbach S, Gabbert HE, et al. Prospective comparison of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and surgical histology in upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors. Endoscopy. 2010;42:300–5.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Watson RR, Binmoeller KF, Hamerski CM, et al. Yield and performance characteristics of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for diagnosing upper GI tract stromal tumors. Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56:1757–62.PubMedCrossRef Watson RR, Binmoeller KF, Hamerski CM, et al. Yield and performance characteristics of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for diagnosing upper GI tract stromal tumors. Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56:1757–62.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference • Ha CY, Shah R, Chen J, et al.: Diagnosis and management of GI stromal tumors by EUS-FNA: a survey of opinions and practices of endosonographers. Gastrointest Endosc 2009, 69:1039–44. This article demonstrates the substantial practice variations in diagnosing and management of GISTs and underscores the need for a standardized approach to these lesions. • Ha CY, Shah R, Chen J, et al.: Diagnosis and management of GI stromal tumors by EUS-FNA: a survey of opinions and practices of endosonographers. Gastrointest Endosc 2009, 69:1039–44. This article demonstrates the substantial practice variations in diagnosing and management of GISTs and underscores the need for a standardized approach to these lesions.
34.
go back to reference Fletcher CD, Berman JJ, Corless C, et al. Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach. Int J Surg Pathol. 2002;10:81–9.PubMedCrossRef Fletcher CD, Berman JJ, Corless C, et al. Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach. Int J Surg Pathol. 2002;10:81–9.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference • Fernandez-Esparrach G, Sendino O, Sole M, et al.: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and trucut biopsy in the diagnosis of gastric stromal tumors: a randomized crossover study. Endoscopy 2010, 42:292–9. This prospective randomized crossover study demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy for gastric subepithelial tumors was not superior with EUS-trucut biopsy (55%) compared to EUS-FNA (52%). The main limitation of EUS-TCB was the high rate of technical failure; however, when an adequate sample was obtained with TCB, immunohistochemica phenotyping was almost always possible. • Fernandez-Esparrach G, Sendino O, Sole M, et al.: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and trucut biopsy in the diagnosis of gastric stromal tumors: a randomized crossover study. Endoscopy 2010, 42:292–9. This prospective randomized crossover study demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy for gastric subepithelial tumors was not superior with EUS-trucut biopsy (55%) compared to EUS-FNA (52%). The main limitation of EUS-TCB was the high rate of technical failure; however, when an adequate sample was obtained with TCB, immunohistochemica phenotyping was almost always possible.
36.
go back to reference Gines A, Wiersema MJ, Clain JE, et al. Prospective study of a Trucut needle for performing EUS-guided biopsy with EUS-guided FNA rescue. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62:597–601.PubMedCrossRef Gines A, Wiersema MJ, Clain JE, et al. Prospective study of a Trucut needle for performing EUS-guided biopsy with EUS-guided FNA rescue. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62:597–601.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Levy MJ, Jondal ML, Clain J, et al. Preliminary experience with an EUS-guided trucut biopsy needle compared with EUS-guided FNA. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:101–6.PubMedCrossRef Levy MJ, Jondal ML, Clain J, et al. Preliminary experience with an EUS-guided trucut biopsy needle compared with EUS-guided FNA. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:101–6.PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Varadarajulu S, Fraig M, Schmulewitz N, et al. Comparison of EUS-guided 19-gauge Trucut needle biopsy with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration. Endoscopy. 2004;36:397–401.PubMedCrossRef Varadarajulu S, Fraig M, Schmulewitz N, et al. Comparison of EUS-guided 19-gauge Trucut needle biopsy with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration. Endoscopy. 2004;36:397–401.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Polkowski M, Gerke W, Jarosz D, et al. Diagnostic yield and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided trucut biopsy in patients with gastric submucosal tumors: a prospective study. Endoscopy. 2009;41:329–34.PubMedCrossRef Polkowski M, Gerke W, Jarosz D, et al. Diagnostic yield and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided trucut biopsy in patients with gastric submucosal tumors: a prospective study. Endoscopy. 2009;41:329–34.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Demetri GD, von Mehren M, Blanke CD, et al. Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:472–80.PubMedCrossRef Demetri GD, von Mehren M, Blanke CD, et al. Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:472–80.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Buchdunger E, Cioffi CL, Law N, et al. Abl protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 inhibits in vitro signal transduction mediated by c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000;295:139–45.PubMed Buchdunger E, Cioffi CL, Law N, et al. Abl protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 inhibits in vitro signal transduction mediated by c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000;295:139–45.PubMed
43.
go back to reference Casali PG, Jost L, Reichardt P, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2008;19 Suppl 2:35–8. Casali PG, Jost L, Reichardt P, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2008;19 Suppl 2:35–8.
44.
go back to reference Demetri GD, van Oosterom AT, Garrett CR, et al. Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368:1329–38.PubMedCrossRef Demetri GD, van Oosterom AT, Garrett CR, et al. Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368:1329–38.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Melzer E, Fidder H. The natural course of upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors: an endoscopic ultrasound survey. Isr Med Assoc J. 2000;2:430–2.PubMed Melzer E, Fidder H. The natural course of upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors: an endoscopic ultrasound survey. Isr Med Assoc J. 2000;2:430–2.PubMed
46.
go back to reference Lok KH, Lai L, Yiu HL, et al. Endosonographic surveillance of small gastrointestinal tumors originating from muscularis propria. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2009;18:177–80.PubMed Lok KH, Lai L, Yiu HL, et al. Endosonographic surveillance of small gastrointestinal tumors originating from muscularis propria. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2009;18:177–80.PubMed
47.
go back to reference Huang WH, Feng CL, Lai HC, et al. Endoscopic ligation and resection for the treatment of small EUS-suspected gastric GI stromal tumors. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:1076–81.PubMedCrossRef Huang WH, Feng CL, Lai HC, et al. Endoscopic ligation and resection for the treatment of small EUS-suspected gastric GI stromal tumors. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71:1076–81.PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Lee IL, Lin PY, Tung SY, et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of intraluminal gastric subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer. Endoscopy. 2006;38:1024–8.PubMedCrossRef Lee IL, Lin PY, Tung SY, et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of intraluminal gastric subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer. Endoscopy. 2006;38:1024–8.PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Park YS, Park SW, Kim TI, et al. Endoscopic enucleation of upper-GI submucosal tumors by using an insulated-tip electrosurgical knife. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;59:409–15.PubMedCrossRef Park YS, Park SW, Kim TI, et al. Endoscopic enucleation of upper-GI submucosal tumors by using an insulated-tip electrosurgical knife. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;59:409–15.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Zhou PH, Yao LQ, Qin XY, et al.: Endoscopic full-thickness resection without laparoscopic assistance for gastric submucosal tumors originated from the muscularis propria. Surg Endosc 2011 Mar 18. [Epub ahead of print]. Zhou PH, Yao LQ, Qin XY, et al.: Endoscopic full-thickness resection without laparoscopic assistance for gastric submucosal tumors originated from the muscularis propria. Surg Endosc 2011 Mar 18. [Epub ahead of print].
51.
go back to reference Sun S, Ge N, Wang C, et al. Endoscopic band ligation of small gastric stromal tumors and follow-up by endoscopic ultrasonography. Surg Endosc. 2007;21:574–8.PubMedCrossRef Sun S, Ge N, Wang C, et al. Endoscopic band ligation of small gastric stromal tumors and follow-up by endoscopic ultrasonography. Surg Endosc. 2007;21:574–8.PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Ledo-Rodriguez A, Ulla-Rocha JL, Baltar-Arias R, et al. Endoscopic resection of rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) using band ligation. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2009;101:870–1.PubMedCrossRef Ledo-Rodriguez A, Ulla-Rocha JL, Baltar-Arias R, et al. Endoscopic resection of rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) using band ligation. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2009;101:870–1.PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Katoh T, Itoh Y, Mohri T, et al. Endoscopic enucleation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach: report of five cases. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:2609–11.PubMedCrossRef Katoh T, Itoh Y, Mohri T, et al. Endoscopic enucleation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach: report of five cases. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:2609–11.PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Sasaki A, Koeda K, Obuchi T, et al. Tailored laparoscopic resection for suspected gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Surgery. 2010;147:516–20.PubMedCrossRef Sasaki A, Koeda K, Obuchi T, et al. Tailored laparoscopic resection for suspected gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Surgery. 2010;147:516–20.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Endoscopic Management of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors
Vinay Chandrasekhara
Gregory G. Ginsberg
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
Current Science Inc.
Published in
Current Gastroenterology Reports / Issue 6/2011
Print ISSN: 1522-8037
Electronic ISSN: 1534-312X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-011-0224-6

Other articles of this Issue 6/2011

Current Gastroenterology Reports 6/2011 Go to the issue

Stomach and Duodenum (Joseph R. Pisegna, Section Editor)

Gastric Infection by Helicobacter pylori

Stomach and Duodenum (Joseph R. Pisegna, Section Editor)

Ménétrier’s Disease of the Stomach: A Clinical Challenge

Stomach and Duodenum (Joseph R. Pisegna, Section Editor)

Update on the Endoscopic Management of Peptic Ulcer Bleeding

Stomach and Duodenum (Joseph R. Pisegna, Section Editor)

Diagnosis and Management of Pernicious Anemia

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.