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01-10-2019 | Hypertension | Concise Research Reports

The Cardiovascular Health Burdens of Solitary Confinement

Authors: Brie A. Williams, MD, MS, Amanda Li, BA, Cyrus Ahalt, MPP, Pamela Coxson, PhD, James G. Kahn, MD, MPH, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS

Published in: Journal of General Internal Medicine | Issue 10/2019

Excerpt

The American Medical Association recently called for the elimination of solitary confinement for the mentally ill, citing its mental health harms.¹ In solitary confinement, people are held in a prison cell roughly the size of a parking space for ~ 22–23 h per day with 1 or 2 h of exercise, also in isolation.² Although the living conditions in these units (e.g., limited exercise, extreme loneliness) are known risk factors for adverse physical health outcomes including cardiovascular disease,² the lifetime cardiovascular burden of solitary confinement is unknown. …

American Medical Association House of Delegates. Reducing the Use of Restrictive Housing in Prisoners with Mental Illness: Resolution 412. 2018, page 641. https://www.ama-assn.org/sites/ama-assn.org/files/corp/media-browser/public/hod/a18-reference-committee-reports.pdf. Last accessed March 18, 2019.

Ahalt C, Haney C, Rios S, Fox MP, Farabee D, Williams B. Reducing the use and impact of solitary confinement in corrections. Int J Prison Health 2017. 13(1):41-48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-08-2016-0040 CrossRef

Expert Report of Louise C. Hawkley, Judge: Honorable Claudia Wilken. United States District Court Northern District of California Oakland Division: Todd Ashker, et Al., Plaintiffs, v. Governor of the State of California, et Al., Defendants.; 2015. https://ccrjustice.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/07/Hawkley Expert Report.pdf. Last accessed March 18, 2019.

Odden MC, Pletcher MJ, Coxson PG, et al. Cost-effectiveness and population impact of statins for primary prevention in adults aged 75 years or older in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2015. 162(8):533-41. doi:https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-1430 CrossRef

Resnik, Judith and VanCleave, Anna and Bell, Kristen and Harrington, Alexandra and Conyers, Gregory and McCarthy, Catherine and Tumas, Jenny and Wang, Annie, Reforming Restrictive Housing: The 2018 ASCA-Liman Nationwide Survey of Time-in-Cell (October 10, 2018). Yale Law School, Public Law Research Paper No. 656. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3264350or https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3264350. Last accessed March 18, 2019.

2014 ACLU Foundation. ACLU Briefing Paper: The Dangerous Overuse of Solitary Confinement in the United States. New York; 2014. https://www.aclu.org/report/dangerous-overuse-solitary-confinement-united-states. Last accessed March 18, 2019.

Title: The Cardiovascular Health Burdens of Solitary Confinement
Authors: Brie A. Williams, MD, MS
Amanda Li, BA
Cyrus Ahalt, MPP
Pamela Coxson, PhD
James G. Kahn, MD, MPH
Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS
Publication date: 01-10-2019
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keywords: Hypertension
Hypertension
Published in: Journal of General Internal Medicine / Issue 10/2019
Print ISSN: 0884-8734
Electronic ISSN: 1525-1497
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05103-6

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