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Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery
Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 10/2015

01-10-2015 | Review Article

Perioperative Management of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Authors: Katherine E. Poruk, Timothy M. Pawlik, Matthew J. Weiss

Published in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery | Issue 10/2015

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Abstract

Background

Cholangiocarcinoma is the most common primary tumor of the biliary tract although it accounts for only 2 % of all human malignancies. We herein review hilar cholangiocarcinoma including its risk factors, the main classification systems for tumors, current surgical management of the disease, and the role chemotherapy and liver transplantation may play in selected patients.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane library for the period 1980–2015 using the following MeSH terms: “hilar cholangiocarcinoma”, “biliary cancer”, and “cholangiocarcinoma”. Only recent studies that were published in English and in peer reviewed journals were included.

Findings

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a disease of advanced age with an unclear etiology, most frequently found in Southeast Asia and relatively rare in Western countries. The best chance of long-term survival and potential cure is surgical resection with negative surgical margins, but many patients are unresectable due to locally advanced or metastatic disease at diagnosis. As a result of recent efforts, new methods of management have been identified for these patients, including preoperative portal vein embolism and biliary drainage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with subsequent transplantation, and chemoradiation therapy.

Conclusion

Current management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma depends on extent of the tumor at presentation and includes surgical resection, liver transplantation, portal vein embolization, and chemoradiation therapy. Our understanding of hilar cholangiocarcinoma has improved in recent years and further research offers hope to improve the outcome in patients with these rare tumors.
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Metadata
Title
Perioperative Management of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors
Katherine E. Poruk
Timothy M. Pawlik
Matthew J. Weiss
Publication date
01-10-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Issue 10/2015
Print ISSN: 1091-255X
Electronic ISSN: 1873-4626
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-015-2854-8

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Original Article

Prospective Comprehensive Swallowing Evaluation of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomies with Cervical Anastomosis: Silent Versus Vocal Aspiration