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Japanese Journal of Radiology
Published in: Japanese Journal of Radiology 9/2022

Open Access 27-04-2022 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Original Article

Diffusion-weighted image analysis along the perivascular space (DWI–ALPS) for evaluating interstitial fluid status: age dependence in normal subjects

Authors: Toshiaki Taoka, Rintaro Ito, Rei Nakamichi, Toshiki Nakane, Mayuko Sakai, Kazushige Ichikawa, Hisashi Kawai, Shinji Naganawa

Published in: Japanese Journal of Radiology | Issue 9/2022

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interstitial fluid status in a wide range of age groups using diffusion-weighted image analysis along the perivascular space (DWI–ALPS) method, which is a simplified variation of diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI–ALPS).

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included data from 128 patients who underwent clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, including DWI, and were found to have no abnormal findings in the brain on MRI. Three motion-probing gradients of the DWI were applied in an orthogonal direction to the imaging plane. Apparent diffusion coefficient images in the x-, y-, and z-axes were retrospectively generated, and composite color images were created to locate the projection and association fiber area on the slice including the body of the lateral ventricle. ALPS indices were calculated, and correlations with age were evaluated using linear and second-degree regression analysis. Linear regression analysis was also performed for a subgroup of patients older than 40 years. In addition, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test among the generations was performed.

Results

The linear regression analysis between age and the ALPS index showed a correlation coefficient of −0.20 for all age group and −0.51 for the subgroup older than 40 years. The second-degree regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.39. ANOVA showed that the 40’s generation showed a statistically significant higher value of ALPS index compared to all other generations except for the 30’s generation. While, the 70’s generation showed a statistically significant lower value of the ALPS index compared to all other generations.

Conclusions

The analysis of the DWI–APLS method showed a correlation between age and the ALPS index in second-degree distribution which peaked in the 40’s generation. This finding in normal subjects may be fundamental in the analysis of disease cases.

Secondary abstract

We tried to evaluate the glymphatic system status in a wide range of age groups using diffusion-weighted image analysis along the perivascular space (DWI–ALPS) method, and the results showed a correlation between age and the ALPS index in second-degree distribution which peaked in the 40’s generation.
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Metadata
Title
Diffusion-weighted image analysis along the perivascular space (DWI–ALPS) for evaluating interstitial fluid status: age dependence in normal subjects
Authors
Toshiaki Taoka
Rintaro Ito
Rei Nakamichi
Toshiki Nakane
Mayuko Sakai
Kazushige Ichikawa
Hisashi Kawai
Shinji Naganawa
Publication date
27-04-2022
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Published in
Japanese Journal of Radiology / Issue 9/2022
Print ISSN: 1867-1071
Electronic ISSN: 1867-108X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-022-01275-0

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