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Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

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Open Access 01-12-2021 | Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis

Impact of COVID-19 on the thyroid gland: an update

Authors: Lorenzo Scappaticcio, Fabián Pitoia, Katherine Esposito, Arnoldo Piccardo, Pierpaolo Trimboli

Published in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | Issue 4/2021

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the pandemic of the new millennium. COVID-19 can cause both pulmonary and systemic inflammation, potentially determining multi-organ dysfunction. Data on the relationship between COVID-19 and thyroid have been emerging, and rapidly increasing since March 2020. The thyroid gland and the virus infection with its associated inflammatory-immune responses are known to be engaged in complex interplay. SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 combined with the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) as the key molecular complex to infect the host cells. Interestingly, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels are high in the thyroid gland and more than in the lungs. Our literature search provided greater evidence that the thyroid gland and the entire hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis could be relevant targets of damage by SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, COVID-19-related thyroid disorders include thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, as well as nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Moreover, we noticed that treatment plans for thyroid cancer are considerably changing in the direction of more teleconsultations and less diagnostic and therapeutical procedures. The current review includes findings that could be changed soon by new results on the topic, considering the rapidity of worldwide research on COVID-19.

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Title: Impact of COVID-19 on the thyroid gland: an update
Authors: Lorenzo Scappaticcio
Fabián Pitoia
Katherine Esposito
Arnoldo Piccardo
Pierpaolo Trimboli
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis
Hyperthyroidism
SARS-CoV-2
Thyrotoxicosis
Neck Pain
COVID-19
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Published in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders / Issue 4/2021
Print ISSN: 1389-9155
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2606
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-020-09615-z

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