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Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Published in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 3/2013

01-09-2013

Metabolic syndrome: Role of maternal undernutrition and fetal programming

Author: Ramakrishnan Lakshmy

Published in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | Issue 3/2013

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Abstract

Development of metabolic syndrome is attributed to genes, dietary intake, physical activity and environmental factors. Fetal programming due to maternal nutrition is also an important factor especially in developing countries where intrauterine growth retardation followed by excess nutrition postnatally is causing mismatch predisposing individuals to development of metabolic syndrome and its components. Several epidemiological and animal studies have provided evidence for the link between intrauterine growth retardation and adult metabolic diseases. Deficiency of macronutrients, protein and carbohydrates, during pregnancy and gestation results in lower infant birth weight, a surrogate marker of fetal growth and subsequently insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension and adiposity in adulthood. The role of micronutrients is less extensively studied but however gaining attention with several recent studies focusing on this aspect. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the developmental origin of adult diseases important among them being alteration of hypothalamic pituitary axis, epigenetic regulation of gene expression and oxidative stress. All of these mechanisms may be acting at different time during gestation and contributing to development of metabolic syndrome in adulthood.
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Metadata
Title
Metabolic syndrome: Role of maternal undernutrition and fetal programming
Author
Ramakrishnan Lakshmy
Publication date
01-09-2013
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders / Issue 3/2013
Print ISSN: 1389-9155
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2606
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-013-9266-4

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