Top

Published in:

01-12-2019 | Pituitary Adenoma

A tale of pituitary adenomas: to NET or not to NET

Pituitary Society position statement

Authors: Ken K. Y. Ho, Maria Fleseriu, John Wass, Aart van der Lely, Ariel Barkan, Andrea Giustina, Felipe F. Casanueva, Anthony P. Heaney, Nienke Biermasz, Christian Strasburger, Shlomo Melmed

Published in: Pituitary | Issue 6/2019

Excerpt

Anterior pituitary tumors arising from oral ectoderm-derived differentiated hormone-expressing lineages are classified according to cell type, size, location, secretory function and neoplastic behavior. The pathological classification of pituitary tumors has been driven by advances in physiology, cell biology and genetics. Almost all pituitary adenomas are benign neoplasms; extremely rarely, some may undergo malignant transformation, metastasizing to extracranial sites. An intermediate group of higher risk locally invasive adenomas are described as ‘atypical’ or ‘aggressive’ based on clinical features. …

WHO (2004) Pathology and genetics of tumours of endocrine organs. WHO classification of tumours, vol 8, 3 edn. WHO Press, Geneva

WHO (2017) WHO classification of tumours of endocrine organs. WHO classification of tumours, vol 10, 4 edn. WHO Press, Geneva

Asa SL, Casar-Borota O, Chanson P, Delgrange E, Earls P, Ezzat S, Grossman A, Ikeda H, Inoshita N, Karavitaki N, Korbonits M, Laws ER Jr, Lopes MB, Maartens N, McCutcheon IE, Mete O, Nishioka H, Raverot G, Roncaroli F, Saeger W, Syro LV, Vasiljevic A, Villa C, Wierinckx A, Trouillas J (2017) From pituitary adenoma to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET): an International Pituitary Pathology Club proposal. Endocr Relat Cancer 24(4):C5–c8. https://doi.org/10.1530/erc-17-0004 CrossRefPubMed

Rindi G, Klimstra DS, Abedi-Ardekani B, Asa SL, Bosman FT, Brambilla E, Busam KJ, de Krijger RR, Dietel M, El-Naggar AK, Fernandez-Cuesta L, Kloppel G, McCluggage WG, Moch H, Ohgaki H, Rakha EA, Reed NS, Rous BA, Sasano H, Scarpa A, Scoazec JY, Travis WD, Tallini G, Trouillas J, van Krieken JH, Cree IA (2018) A common classification framework for neuroendocrine neoplasms: an International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Consensus proposal. Mod Pathol 31(12):1770–1786. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-018-0110-y CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Solcia E, Kloppel G, Sobin LH (2000) Histological typing of endocrine tumours. World Health Organization international histological classification of tumours, 2nd edn. Springer, BerlinCrossRef

Kaltsas GA, Besser GM, Grossman AB (2004) The diagnosis and medical management of advanced neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Rev 25(3):458–511. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2003-0014 CrossRefPubMed

Molitch ME (2017) Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas: a review. JAMA 317(5):516–524. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.19699 CrossRefPubMed

Chambers EF, Turski PA, LaMasters D, Newton TH (1982) Regions of low density in the contrast-enhanced pituitary gland: normal and pathologic processes. Radiology 144(1):109–113. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.144.1.7089241 CrossRefPubMed

Wolpert SM, Molitch ME, Goldman JA, Wood JB (1984) Size, shape, and appearance of the normal female pituitary gland. Am J Roentgenol 143(2):377–381. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.143.2.377 CrossRef

10.

Hall WA, Luciano MG, Doppman JL, Patronas NJ, Oldfield EH (1994) Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in normal human volunteers: occult adenomas in the general population. Ann Intern Med 120(10):817–820. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-10-199405150-00001 CrossRefPubMed

11.

Chong BW, Kucharczyk W, Singer W, George S (1994) Pituitary gland MR: a comparative study of healthy volunteers and patients with microadenomas. Am J Neuroradiol 15(4):675–679PubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Daly AF, Rixhon M, Adam C, Dempegioti A, Tichomirowa MA, Beckers A (2006) High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a cross-sectional study in the Province of Liege, Belgium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91(12):4769–4775. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-1668 CrossRefPubMed

13.

Fernandez A, Karavitaki N, Wass JA (2010) Prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a community-based, cross-sectional study in Banbury (Oxfordshire, UK). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 72(3):377–382. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03667.x CrossRef

14.

Agustsson TT, Baldvinsdottir T, Jonasson JG, Olafsdottir E, Steinthorsdottir V, Sigurdsson G, Thorsson AV, Carroll PV, Korbonits M, Benediktsson R (2015) The epidemiology of pituitary adenomas in Iceland, 1955–2012: a nationwide population-based study. Eur J Endocrinol 173(5):655–664. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-15-0189 CrossRefPubMed

15.

Zada G, Woodmansee WW, Ramkissoon S, Amadio J, Nose V, Laws ER Jr (2011) Atypical pituitary adenomas: incidence, clinical characteristics, and implications. J Neurosurg 114(2):336–344. https://doi.org/10.3171/2010.8.Jns10290 CrossRefPubMed

16.

Scheithauer BW, Gaffey TA, Lloyd RV, Sebo TJ, Kovacs KT, Horvath E, Yapicier O, Young Jr WF, Meyer FB, Kuroki T, Riehle DL, Laws Jr ER (2006) Pathobiology of pituitary adenomas and carcinomas. Neurosurgery 59(2):341–353; discussion 341–353. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.Neu.0000223437.51435.6e CrossRefPubMed

17.

Saeger W, Ludecke DK, Buchfelder M, Fahlbusch R, Quabbe HJ, Petersenn S (2007) Pathohistological classification of pituitary tumors: 10 years of experience with the German Pituitary Tumor Registry. Eur J Endocrinol 156(2):203–216. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02326 CrossRefPubMed

18.

Yildirim AE, Divanlioglu D, Nacar OA, Dursun E, Sahinoglu M, Unal T, Belen AD (2013) Incidence, hormonal distribution and postoperative follow up of atypical pituitary adenomas. Turk Neurosurg 23(2):226–231. https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5149.Jtn.6828-12.1 CrossRefPubMed

19.

Chiloiro S, Doglietto F, Trapasso B, Iacovazzo D, Giampietro A, Di Nardo F, de Waure C, Lauriola L, Mangiola A, Anile C, Maira G, De Marinis L, Bianchi A (2015) Typical and atypical pituitary adenomas: a single-center analysis of outcome and prognosis. Neuroendocrinology 101(2):143–150. https://doi.org/10.1159/000375448 CrossRefPubMed

20.

Melmed S (2011) Pathogenesis of pituitary tumors. Nat Rev Endocrinol 7(5):257–266. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2011.40 CrossRefPubMed

21.

Raverot G, Jouanneau E, Trouillas J (2014) Management of endocrine disease: clinicopathological classification and molecular markers of pituitary tumours for personalized therapeutic strategies. Eur J Endocrinol 170(4):R121–R132. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-13-1031 CrossRefPubMed

22.

Nasi D, Perano D, Ghadirpour R, Iaccarino C, Servadei F, Romano A (2017) Primary pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: case report and literature review. Surg Neurol Int 8:101. https://doi.org/10.4103/sni.sni_450_16 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

23.

Liu H, Wang H, Qi X, Yu C (2016) Primary intracranial neuroendocrine tumor: two case reports. World J Surg Oncol 14:138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-016-0887-4 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Marx SJ, Nieman LK (2002) Aggressive pituitary tumors in MEN1: do they refute the two-hit model of tumorigenesis? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(2):453–456. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.87.2.8289 CrossRefPubMed

25.

Satoh F, Umemura S, Yasuda M, Osamura RY (2001) Neuroendocrine marker expression in thyroid epithelial tumors. Endocr Pathol 12(3):291–299CrossRefPubMed

26.

Haak HR, Fleuren GJ (1995) Neuroendocrine differentiation of adrenocortical tumors. Cancer 75(3):860–864. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19950201)75:3%3c860:aid-cncr2820750318%3e3.0.co;2-g CrossRefPubMed

27.

Casanueva FF, Barkan AL, Buchfelder M, Klibanski A, Laws ER, Loeffler JS, Melmed S, Mortini P, Wass J, Giustina A (2017) Criteria for the definition of Pituitary Tumor Centers of Excellence (PTCOE): a Pituitary Society statement. Pituitary 20(5):489–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-017-0838-2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Title: A tale of pituitary adenomas: to NET or not to NET
Pituitary Society position statement
Authors: Ken K. Y. Ho
Maria Fleseriu
John Wass
Aart van der Lely
Ariel Barkan
Andrea Giustina
Felipe F. Casanueva
Anthony P. Heaney
Nienke Biermasz
Christian Strasburger
Shlomo Melmed
Publication date: 01-12-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Pituitary Adenoma
Endocrine Cancer
Neuroendocrine Tumor
Published in: Pituitary / Issue 6/2019
Print ISSN: 1386-341X
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7403
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-019-00988-2

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

A tale of pituitary adenomas: to NET or not to NET

Pituitary Society position statement

Excerpt

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Excerpt

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 6/2019

MGMT immunohistochemistry in pituitary tumors: controversies with clinical implications

Double pituitary adenomas in a large surgical series

ACRODAT® and AcroVoice: an insight into a holistic approach to the management of acromegaly

Prediction of recurrence and remission within 3 years in patients with Cushing disease after successful transnasal adenomectomy

Correction to: Retrospective multicentric study of pituitary incidentalomas

Outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for refractory Cushing’s disease

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page