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Open Access 01-01-2015 | Key Review Article

Interaction of Pattern Recognition Receptors with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Authors: Esmaeil Mortaz, Ian M. Adcock, Payam Tabarsi, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Davood Mansouri, Ali Akbar Velayati, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Peter J. Barnes

Published in: Journal of Clinical Immunology | Issue 1/2015

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered a major worldwide health problem with 10 million new cases diagnosed each year. Our understanding of TB immunology has become greater and more refined since the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) as an etiologic agent and the recognition of new signaling pathways modulating infection. Understanding the mechanisms through which the cells of the immune system recognize MTB can be an important step in designing novel therapeutic approaches, as well as improving the limited success of current vaccination strategies. A great challenge in chronic disease is to understand the complexities, mechanisms, and consequences of host interactions with pathogens. Innate immune responses along with the involvement of distinct inflammatory mediators and cells play an important role in the host defense against the MTB. Several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are involved in the recognition of MTB including Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) linked to inflammasome activation. Among the TLR family, TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 and their down-stream signaling proteins play critical roles in the initiation of the immune response in the pathogenesis of TB. The inflammasome pathway is associated with the coordinated release of cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 which also play a role in the pathogenesis of TB. Understanding the cross-talk between these signaling pathways will impact on the design of novel therapeutic strategies and in the development of vaccines and immunotherapy regimes. Abnormalities in PRR signaling pathways regulated by TB will affect disease pathogenesis and need to be elucidated. In this review we provide an update on PRR signaling during M. tuberculosis infection and indicate how greater knowledge of these pathways may lead to new therapeutic opportunities.

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Title: Interaction of Pattern Recognition Receptors with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Esmaeil Mortaz
Ian M. Adcock
Payam Tabarsi
Mohammad Reza Masjedi
Davood Mansouri
Ali Akbar Velayati
Jean-Laurent Casanova
Peter J. Barnes
Publication date: 01-01-2015
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Clinical Immunology / Issue 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0271-9142
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2592
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-014-0103-7

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Interaction of Pattern Recognition Receptors with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Abstract

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Abstract

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