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Inflammation
Published in: Inflammation 1/2020

01-02-2020 | Escherichia Coli | Original Article

Initial Immune Response in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans Bacteremia

Authors: Vaios Spyropoulos, Athanasios Chalkias, Georgia Georgiou, Apostolos Papalois, Evangelia Kouskouni, Stavroula Baka, Theodoros Xanthos

Published in: Inflammation | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide and is characterized by sustained inflammatory responses, reflected as changes in the expression profile of cytokines with time. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dynamic changes in complete blood count, serum chemistry, procalcitonin (PCT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans bacteremia. Study subjects were 32 healthy male Landrace-Large White pigs, aged 10–15 weeks and of average weight 19 ± 2 kg. Bacteremia was induced by continuous intravenous infusion of microbial suspensions during a period of 8 h. E. coli and S. aureus bacteremia were associated with a significant gradual decrease in white blood cells and platelets, respectively (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004), while candidemia was characterized by a significant gradual decrease in lymphocytes (p = 0.009). Serum PCT levels were either undetectable or very low, with no significant changes with time in all groups. E. coli bacteremia elicited a strong pro-inflammatory response, characterized by a significant increase in TNF-α expression from the onset of bacteremia (p = 0.042). C. albicans exhibited a different profile with an early, moderate increase in TNF-α followed by a subsequent marked increase in IL-6 levels (p = 0.03). The differential regulation of inflammatory and hematological responses depending on the pathogenic agent can reveal differences in the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, which may assist in the ongoing quest for the identification of a panel of circulating biomarkers during bacteremia.
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Metadata
Title
Initial Immune Response in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans Bacteremia
Authors
Vaios Spyropoulos
Athanasios Chalkias
Georgia Georgiou
Apostolos Papalois
Evangelia Kouskouni
Stavroula Baka
Theodoros Xanthos
Publication date
01-02-2020
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Inflammation / Issue 1/2020
Print ISSN: 0360-3997
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2576
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-019-01108-9

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