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Heart Failure Reviews
Published in: Heart Failure Reviews 1/2016

01-01-2016

Insulin resistance: an additional risk factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes

Authors: Tushar P. Patel, Komal Rawal, Ashim K. Bagchi, Gauri Akolkar, Nathalia Bernardes, Danielle da Silva Dias, Sarita Gupta, Pawan K. Singal

Published in: Heart Failure Reviews | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Sedentary life style and high calorie dietary habits are prominent leading cause of metabolic syndrome in modern world. Obesity plays a central role in occurrence of various diseases like hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, which lead to insulin resistance and metabolic derangements like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mediated by oxidative stress. The mortality rate due to CVDs is on the rise in developing countries. Insulin resistance (IR) leads to micro or macro angiopathy, peripheral arterial dysfunction, hampered blood flow, hypertension, as well as the cardiomyocyte and the endothelial cell dysfunctions, thus increasing risk factors for coronary artery blockage, stroke and heart failure suggesting that there is a strong association between IR and CVDs. The plausible linkages between these two pathophysiological conditions are altered levels of insulin signaling proteins such as IR-β, IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, Glut4 and PGC-1α that hamper insulin-mediated glucose uptake as well as other functions of insulin in the cardiomyocytes and the endothelial cells of the heart. Reduced AMPK, PFK-2 and elevated levels of NADP(H)-dependent oxidases produced by activated M1 macrophages of the adipose tissue and elevated levels of circulating angiotensin are also cause of CVD in diabetes mellitus condition. Insulin sensitizers, angiotensin blockers, superoxide scavengers are used as therapeutics in the amelioration of CVD. It evidently becomes important to unravel the mechanisms of the association between IR and CVDs in order to formulate novel efficient drugs to treat patients suffering from insulin resistance-mediated cardiovascular diseases. The possible associations between insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases are reviewed here.
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Metadata
Title
Insulin resistance: an additional risk factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes
Authors
Tushar P. Patel
Komal Rawal
Ashim K. Bagchi
Gauri Akolkar
Nathalia Bernardes
Danielle da Silva Dias
Sarita Gupta
Pawan K. Singal
Publication date
01-01-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Heart Failure Reviews / Issue 1/2016
Print ISSN: 1382-4147
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7322
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-015-9515-6

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Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

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Watch this official video from ACC.24 to hear Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

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