Skip to main content
Top
Published in: AIDS and Behavior 9/2015

01-09-2015 | Original Paper

Examining Delay Discounting of Condom-Protected Sex Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Using Crowdsourcing Technology

Authors: Evan S. Herrmann, Patrick S. Johnson, Matthew W. Johnson

Published in: AIDS and Behavior | Issue 9/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Some men who have sex with men (MSM) have unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in situations that put them at risk for HIV infection despite having the knowledge and skills to avoid these risks. The present study examined the potential role of delay discounting in sexual HIV risk behavior among MSM. Participants (n = 108) completed the Sexual Discounting Task and a questionnaire regarding UAI and other variables associated with HIV risk (e.g., age, socioeconomic status, substance use, psychiatric problems). MSM discounted the value of condom-protected anal intercourse in a manner that was orderly, hyperbolic, and sensitive to partner characteristics that likely influence realworld decisions about using condoms. Steeper discounting was associated with UAI, and other factors related to sexual HIV risk among MSM, including young age, socioeconomic disadvantage, substance use, sex under the influence of substances, and depression). Delay discounting is likely a critical, but underappreciated facet of HIV risk among MSM.
Literature
2.
go back to reference Baggaley RF, White RG, Boily MC. HIV transmission risk through anal intercourse: systematic review, meta-analysis and implications for HIV prevention. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(4):1048–63.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Baggaley RF, White RG, Boily MC. HIV transmission risk through anal intercourse: systematic review, meta-analysis and implications for HIV prevention. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(4):1048–63.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Smith D et al. Condom efficacy by consistency of use among MSM: US. 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Atlanta, abstract 32, 2013. Smith D et al. Condom efficacy by consistency of use among MSM: US. 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Atlanta, abstract 32, 2013.
4.
go back to reference Yang Z, Zhang S, Dong Z, Jin M, Han J. Prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse in men who have sex with men recruited online versus offline: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):508.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Yang Z, Zhang S, Dong Z, Jin M, Han J. Prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse in men who have sex with men recruited online versus offline: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):508.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Bowen AM, Williams ML, Daniel CM, Clayton S. Internet based HIV prevention research targeting rural MSM: feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. J Behav Med. 2008;31(6):463–77.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Bowen AM, Williams ML, Daniel CM, Clayton S. Internet based HIV prevention research targeting rural MSM: feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. J Behav Med. 2008;31(6):463–77.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Mausbach BT, Semple SJ, Strathdee SA, Zians J, Patterson TL. Efficacy of a behavioral intervention for increasing safer sex behaviors in HIV-positive MSM methamphetamine users: results from the EDGE study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;87(2):249–57.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Mausbach BT, Semple SJ, Strathdee SA, Zians J, Patterson TL. Efficacy of a behavioral intervention for increasing safer sex behaviors in HIV-positive MSM methamphetamine users: results from the EDGE study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;87(2):249–57.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Herbst JH, Sherba RT, Crepaz N, et al. A meta-analytic review of HIV behavioral interventions for reducing sexual risk behavior of men who have sex with men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39(2):228–41.PubMed Herbst JH, Sherba RT, Crepaz N, et al. A meta-analytic review of HIV behavioral interventions for reducing sexual risk behavior of men who have sex with men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39(2):228–41.PubMed
8.
go back to reference Patterson TL, Semple SJ, Zians JK, Strathdee SA. Methamphetamine-using HIV-positive men who have sex with men: correlates of polydrug use. J Urban Health. 2005;82:i120–6.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Patterson TL, Semple SJ, Zians JK, Strathdee SA. Methamphetamine-using HIV-positive men who have sex with men: correlates of polydrug use. J Urban Health. 2005;82:i120–6.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Semple SJ, Zians J, Grant I, Patterson TL. Methamphetamine use, impulsivity, and sexual risk behavior among HIV-positive men who have sex with men. J Addict Dis. 2006;25(4):105–14.CrossRefPubMed Semple SJ, Zians J, Grant I, Patterson TL. Methamphetamine use, impulsivity, and sexual risk behavior among HIV-positive men who have sex with men. J Addict Dis. 2006;25(4):105–14.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Boone MR, Cook SH, Wilson P. Substance use and sexual risk behavior in HIV-positive men who have sex with men: an episode-level analysis. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(5):1883–7.CrossRefPubMed Boone MR, Cook SH, Wilson P. Substance use and sexual risk behavior in HIV-positive men who have sex with men: an episode-level analysis. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(5):1883–7.CrossRefPubMed
11.
12.
go back to reference Colfax G, Vittinghoff E, Husnik MJ, et al. Substance use and sexual risk: a participant-and episode-level analysis among a cohort of men who have sex with men. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(10):1002–12.CrossRefPubMed Colfax G, Vittinghoff E, Husnik MJ, et al. Substance use and sexual risk: a participant-and episode-level analysis among a cohort of men who have sex with men. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(10):1002–12.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Dierst-Davies R, Reback CJ, Peck JA, Nuño M, Kamien JB, Amass L. Delay-discounting among homeless, out-of-treatment, substance-dependent men who have sex with men. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2011;37(2):93–7.CrossRefPubMed Dierst-Davies R, Reback CJ, Peck JA, Nuño M, Kamien JB, Amass L. Delay-discounting among homeless, out-of-treatment, substance-dependent men who have sex with men. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2011;37(2):93–7.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Green L, Fry AF, Myerson J. Discounting of delayed rewards: a life-span comparison. Psychol Sci. 1994;5:33–6.CrossRef Green L, Fry AF, Myerson J. Discounting of delayed rewards: a life-span comparison. Psychol Sci. 1994;5:33–6.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Heil SH, Johnson MW, Higgins ST, Bickel WK. Delay discounting in currently using and currently abstinent cocaine-dependent outpatients and non-drug-using matched controls. Addict Behav. 2006;31(7):1290–4.CrossRefPubMed Heil SH, Johnson MW, Higgins ST, Bickel WK. Delay discounting in currently using and currently abstinent cocaine-dependent outpatients and non-drug-using matched controls. Addict Behav. 2006;31(7):1290–4.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Hirshfield S, Remien RH, Humberstone M, Walavalkar I, Chiasson MA. Substance use and high-risk sex among men who have sex with men: a national online study in the USA. AIDS Care. 2004;16(8):1036–47.CrossRefPubMed Hirshfield S, Remien RH, Humberstone M, Walavalkar I, Chiasson MA. Substance use and high-risk sex among men who have sex with men: a national online study in the USA. AIDS Care. 2004;16(8):1036–47.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Jaroni JL, Wright SM, Lerman C, Epstein LH. Relationship between education and delay discounting in smokers. Addict Behav. 2004;29(6):1171–5.CrossRefPubMed Jaroni JL, Wright SM, Lerman C, Epstein LH. Relationship between education and delay discounting in smokers. Addict Behav. 2004;29(6):1171–5.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference MacKillop J, Celio MA, Mastroleo NR, et al. Behavioral economic decision making and alcohol-related sexual risk behavior. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(3):450–8.CrossRefPubMed MacKillop J, Celio MA, Mastroleo NR, et al. Behavioral economic decision making and alcohol-related sexual risk behavior. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(3):450–8.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Mimiaga MJ, Noonan E, Donnell D, et al. Childhood sexual abuse is highly associated with HIV risk-taking behavior and infection among MSM in the EXPLORE study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;51(3):340–8.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Mimiaga MJ, Noonan E, Donnell D, et al. Childhood sexual abuse is highly associated with HIV risk-taking behavior and infection among MSM in the EXPLORE study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;51(3):340–8.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Perdue T, Hagan H, Thiede H, Valleroy L. Depression and HIV risk behavior among Seattle-area injection drug users and young men who have sex with men. AIDS Educ Prev. 2003;15(1):81–92.CrossRefPubMed Perdue T, Hagan H, Thiede H, Valleroy L. Depression and HIV risk behavior among Seattle-area injection drug users and young men who have sex with men. AIDS Educ Prev. 2003;15(1):81–92.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Takahashi T, Oono H, Inoue T, et al. Depressive patients are more impulsive and inconsistent in intertemporal choice behavior for monetary gain and loss than healthy subjects-An analysis based on Tsallis’ statistics. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008;29(3):351–8.PubMed Takahashi T, Oono H, Inoue T, et al. Depressive patients are more impulsive and inconsistent in intertemporal choice behavior for monetary gain and loss than healthy subjects-An analysis based on Tsallis’ statistics. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008;29(3):351–8.PubMed
22.
go back to reference Hoffman WF, Moore M, Templin R, McFarland B, Hitzemann RJ, Mitchell SH. Neuropsychological function and delay discounting in methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Psychopharmacology. 2006;188(2):162–70.CrossRefPubMed Hoffman WF, Moore M, Templin R, McFarland B, Hitzemann RJ, Mitchell SH. Neuropsychological function and delay discounting in methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Psychopharmacology. 2006;188(2):162–70.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Jones J, Sullivan PS. Impulsivity as a risk factor for HIV transmission in men who have sex with men: a delay discounting approach. J Homosex. 2015;62(5):588–603.CrossRefPubMed Jones J, Sullivan PS. Impulsivity as a risk factor for HIV transmission in men who have sex with men: a delay discounting approach. J Homosex. 2015;62(5):588–603.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Bickel WK, Johnson MW, Koffarnus MN, MacKillop J, Murphy JG. The behavioral economics of substance use disorders: reinforcement pathologies and their repair. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2014;10:641–77.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Bickel WK, Johnson MW, Koffarnus MN, MacKillop J, Murphy JG. The behavioral economics of substance use disorders: reinforcement pathologies and their repair. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2014;10:641–77.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Johnson MW, Bruner NR. The Sexual Discounting Task: HIV risk behavior and the discounting of delayed sexual rewards in cocaine dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012;123(1):15–21.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Johnson MW, Bruner NR. The Sexual Discounting Task: HIV risk behavior and the discounting of delayed sexual rewards in cocaine dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012;123(1):15–21.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Johnson MW, Bruner NR. Test–retest reliability and gender differences in the sexual discounting task among cocaine-dependent individuals. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;21(4):277–86.CrossRefPubMed Johnson MW, Bruner NR. Test–retest reliability and gender differences in the sexual discounting task among cocaine-dependent individuals. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;21(4):277–86.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Herrmann ES, Hand DJ, Johnson MW, Badger GJ, Heil SH. Examining delay discounting of condom-protected sex among opioid-dependent women and non-drug-using control women. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;144:53–60.CrossRefPubMed Herrmann ES, Hand DJ, Johnson MW, Badger GJ, Heil SH. Examining delay discounting of condom-protected sex among opioid-dependent women and non-drug-using control women. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;144:53–60.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Green L, Fristoe N, Myerson J. Temporal discounting and preference reversals in choice between delayed outcomes. Psychon Bull Rev. 1994;1(3):383–9.CrossRefPubMed Green L, Fristoe N, Myerson J. Temporal discounting and preference reversals in choice between delayed outcomes. Psychon Bull Rev. 1994;1(3):383–9.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Chiasson MA, Parsons JT, Tesoriero JM, Carballo-Dieguez A, Hirshfield S, Remien RH. HIV behavioral research online. J Urban Health. 2006;83(1):73–85.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Chiasson MA, Parsons JT, Tesoriero JM, Carballo-Dieguez A, Hirshfield S, Remien RH. HIV behavioral research online. J Urban Health. 2006;83(1):73–85.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Williams ML, Bowen AM, Horvath K. The social/sexual environment of gay men residing in a rural frontier state: implications for the development of HIV prevention programs. J Rural Health. 2005;21:48–55.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Williams ML, Bowen AM, Horvath K. The social/sexual environment of gay men residing in a rural frontier state: implications for the development of HIV prevention programs. J Rural Health. 2005;21:48–55.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Bull SS, McFarlane M, Rietmeijer C. HIV and sexually transmitted infection risk behaviors among men seeking sex with men on-line. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(6):988–9.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Bull SS, McFarlane M, Rietmeijer C. HIV and sexually transmitted infection risk behaviors among men seeking sex with men on-line. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(6):988–9.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Khosropour CM, Johnson BA, Ricca AV, Sullivan PS. Enhancing retention of an internet-based cohort study of men who have sex with men (MSM) via text messaging: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2013;2013(15):e194.CrossRef Khosropour CM, Johnson BA, Ricca AV, Sullivan PS. Enhancing retention of an internet-based cohort study of men who have sex with men (MSM) via text messaging: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2013;2013(15):e194.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Mustanski B, Lyons T, Garcia SC. Internet use and sexual health of young men who have sex with men: a mixed-methods study. Arch Sex Behav. 2011;40(2):289–300.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Mustanski B, Lyons T, Garcia SC. Internet use and sexual health of young men who have sex with men: a mixed-methods study. Arch Sex Behav. 2011;40(2):289–300.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Rosser BS, Oakes JM, Horvath KJ, Konstan JA, Danilenko GP, Peterson JL. HIV sexual risk behavior by men who use the Internet to seek sex with men: results of the Men’s INTernet Sex Study-II (MINTS-II). AIDS Behav. 2009;13(3):488–98.CrossRefPubMed Rosser BS, Oakes JM, Horvath KJ, Konstan JA, Danilenko GP, Peterson JL. HIV sexual risk behavior by men who use the Internet to seek sex with men: results of the Men’s INTernet Sex Study-II (MINTS-II). AIDS Behav. 2009;13(3):488–98.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Buhrmester M, Kwang T, Gosling SD. Amazon’s mechanical turk a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspect Psychol Sci. 2011;6(1):3–5.CrossRefPubMed Buhrmester M, Kwang T, Gosling SD. Amazon’s mechanical turk a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspect Psychol Sci. 2011;6(1):3–5.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Paolacci G, Chandler J, Ipierotis P. Running experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Judgm Decis Mak. 2010;5:411–9. Paolacci G, Chandler J, Ipierotis P. Running experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Judgm Decis Mak. 2010;5:411–9.
37.
go back to reference Shapiro DN, Chandler J, Mueller P. Using mechanical turk to study clinical populations. Clin Psychol Sci. 2013;2013(1):213–20.CrossRef Shapiro DN, Chandler J, Mueller P. Using mechanical turk to study clinical populations. Clin Psychol Sci. 2013;2013(1):213–20.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Metzger DS, et al. The Risk Assessment Battery: Validity and Reliability; Paper presented at the 6th Annual Meeting of National Cooperative Vaccine Development Group for AIDS;1993. Metzger DS, et al. The Risk Assessment Battery: Validity and Reliability; Paper presented at the 6th Annual Meeting of National Cooperative Vaccine Development Group for AIDS;1993.
39.
go back to reference Johnson MW, Bickel WK. An algorithm for identifying nonsystematic delay-discounting data. Exp Clin Psychopharm. 2008;16(3):264–74.CrossRef Johnson MW, Bickel WK. An algorithm for identifying nonsystematic delay-discounting data. Exp Clin Psychopharm. 2008;16(3):264–74.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Odum AL, Baumann AA, Rimington DD. Discounting of delayed hypothetical money and food: effects of amount. Behav Process. 2006;73(3):278–84.CrossRef Odum AL, Baumann AA, Rimington DD. Discounting of delayed hypothetical money and food: effects of amount. Behav Process. 2006;73(3):278–84.CrossRef
42.
43.
44.
go back to reference McFarland W, Chen YH, Nguyen B, et al. Behavior, intention or chance? A longitudinal study of HIV seroadaptive behaviors, abstinence and condom use. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(1):121–31.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed McFarland W, Chen YH, Nguyen B, et al. Behavior, intention or chance? A longitudinal study of HIV seroadaptive behaviors, abstinence and condom use. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(1):121–31.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Bickel WK, Yi R, Landes RD, Hill PF, Baxter C. Remember the future: working memory training decreases delay discounting among stimulant addicts. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;69(3):260–5.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Bickel WK, Yi R, Landes RD, Hill PF, Baxter C. Remember the future: working memory training decreases delay discounting among stimulant addicts. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;69(3):260–5.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Kalichman SC, Roffman RA, Picciano JF, Bolan M. Risk for HIV infection among bisexual men seeking HIV-prevention services and risks posed to their female partners. Health Psychol. 1998;17(4):320.CrossRefPubMed Kalichman SC, Roffman RA, Picciano JF, Bolan M. Risk for HIV infection among bisexual men seeking HIV-prevention services and risks posed to their female partners. Health Psychol. 1998;17(4):320.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Agyemang S, Wallace BC, Liebman RE. An exploratory Internet study of Black men on the down low: potential factors related to non-disclosure to female partners and inconsistent condom use for Black men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). Int J Equity Health. 2008;1(1):79–97. Agyemang S, Wallace BC, Liebman RE. An exploratory Internet study of Black men on the down low: potential factors related to non-disclosure to female partners and inconsistent condom use for Black men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). Int J Equity Health. 2008;1(1):79–97.
48.
go back to reference Eaton LA, Kalichman SC, Cherry C. Sexual partner selection and HIV risk reduction among black and white men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(3):503–9.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Eaton LA, Kalichman SC, Cherry C. Sexual partner selection and HIV risk reduction among black and white men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(3):503–9.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Mitchell JW. HIV-negative and HIV-discordant gay male couples’ use of HIV risk-reduction strategies: differences by partner type and couples’ HIV-status. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(4):1557–69.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Mitchell JW. HIV-negative and HIV-discordant gay male couples’ use of HIV risk-reduction strategies: differences by partner type and couples’ HIV-status. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(4):1557–69.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Lieb S, Fallon S, Friedman S, et al. Statewide estimation of racial/ethnic populations of men who have sex with men in the U.S. Public Health Rep. 2011;126(1):60–72.PubMedCentralPubMed Lieb S, Fallon S, Friedman S, et al. Statewide estimation of racial/ethnic populations of men who have sex with men in the U.S. Public Health Rep. 2011;126(1):60–72.PubMedCentralPubMed
51.
go back to reference Chandler J, Mueller P, Paolacci G. Nonnaïveté among Amazon Mechanical Turk workers: consequences and solutions for behavioral researchers. Behav Res. 2014;46(1):112–30.CrossRef Chandler J, Mueller P, Paolacci G. Nonnaïveté among Amazon Mechanical Turk workers: consequences and solutions for behavioral researchers. Behav Res. 2014;46(1):112–30.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Examining Delay Discounting of Condom-Protected Sex Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Using Crowdsourcing Technology
Authors
Evan S. Herrmann
Patrick S. Johnson
Matthew W. Johnson
Publication date
01-09-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
AIDS and Behavior / Issue 9/2015
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1107-x

Other articles of this Issue 9/2015

AIDS and Behavior 9/2015 Go to the issue