Skip to main content
Top
Published in: AIDS and Behavior 4/2015

01-04-2015 | Original Paper

The Relationship Between ART Adherence and Smoking Status Among HIV+ Individuals

Authors: Jose L. Moreno, Delwyn Catley, Hyoung S. Lee, Kathy Goggin

Published in: AIDS and Behavior | Issue 4/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Smoking is highly prevalent among HIV+ individuals and studies indicate that it may be associated with poor ART adherence, though the relationship is poorly understood. In addition little is known about interest in quitting among HIV+ smokers who are having adherence difficulties. We examined smoking and ART adherence among 203 HIV+ individuals enrolled in a randomized trial of interventions to increase ART adherence. Prior analyses indicated there were no overall treatment group effects. Smoking status and motivation to quit was assessed at baseline and ART adherence was assessed at week 12, 24, 36, and 48. Longitudinal generalized estimating equation analysis that controlled for treatment group revealed that smoking status was not significantly related to adherence over time. Motivation to quit was high with 58 % intending to quit in the next 6 months and 25 % intending to quit in the next 30 days. Findings suggest that smoking is not associated with adherence among those with adherence difficulties. However it does not diminish importance of addressing both behaviors especially given HIV+ smokers substantial interest in changing smoking behavior.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Vernazza P, Hirschel B, Bernasconi E, Flepp M. HIV transmission under highly active antiretroviral therapy. Lancet. 2008;372(9652):1806–7.CrossRefPubMed Vernazza P, Hirschel B, Bernasconi E, Flepp M. HIV transmission under highly active antiretroviral therapy. Lancet. 2008;372(9652):1806–7.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Attia S, Egger M, Müller M, Zwahlen M, Low N. Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 2009;23(11):1397–404.CrossRefPubMed Attia S, Egger M, Müller M, Zwahlen M, Low N. Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 2009;23(11):1397–404.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Harrigan PR, Hogg RS, Dong WW, et al. Predictors of HIV drug-resistance mutations in a large antiretroviral-naive cohort initiating triple antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2005;191(3):339–47.CrossRefPubMed Harrigan PR, Hogg RS, Dong WW, et al. Predictors of HIV drug-resistance mutations in a large antiretroviral-naive cohort initiating triple antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2005;191(3):339–47.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Walsh JC, Sherr L. An assessment of current HIV treatment adherence services in the UK. AIDS Care. 2002;14(3):329–34.CrossRefPubMed Walsh JC, Sherr L. An assessment of current HIV treatment adherence services in the UK. AIDS Care. 2002;14(3):329–34.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Robbins GK, Johnson KL, Chang Y, et al. Predicting virologic failure in an HIV clinic. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2010;50(5):779–86. Robbins GK, Johnson KL, Chang Y, et al. Predicting virologic failure in an HIV clinic. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2010;50(5):779–86.
6.
go back to reference Gardner EM, Maravi ME, Rietmeijer C, Davidson AJ, Burman WJ. The Association of adherence to antiretroviral therapy with healthcare utilization and costs for medical care. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2008;6(2–3):145–55.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Gardner EM, Maravi ME, Rietmeijer C, Davidson AJ, Burman WJ. The Association of adherence to antiretroviral therapy with healthcare utilization and costs for medical care. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2008;6(2–3):145–55.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
7.
go back to reference Simoni JM, Pantalone DW, Plummer MD, Huang B. A randomized controlled trial of a peer support intervention targeting antiretroviral medication adherence and depressive symptomatology in HIV-positive men and women. Health Psychol. 2007;26(4):488–95.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Simoni JM, Pantalone DW, Plummer MD, Huang B. A randomized controlled trial of a peer support intervention targeting antiretroviral medication adherence and depressive symptomatology in HIV-positive men and women. Health Psychol. 2007;26(4):488–95.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
8.
go back to reference Paterson DL, Swindells S, Mohr J, et al. Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133(1):21–30.CrossRefPubMed Paterson DL, Swindells S, Mohr J, et al. Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133(1):21–30.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Reynolds N. Adherence to antiretroviral therapies: State of the science. Curr HIV Res. 2004;2(3):207–14.CrossRefPubMed Reynolds N. Adherence to antiretroviral therapies: State of the science. Curr HIV Res. 2004;2(3):207–14.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Levine AJ, Hinkin CH, Marion S, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral medications in HIV: differences in data collected via self-report and electronic monitoring. Health Psychol. 2006;25(3):329–35.CrossRefPubMed Levine AJ, Hinkin CH, Marion S, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral medications in HIV: differences in data collected via self-report and electronic monitoring. Health Psychol. 2006;25(3):329–35.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Bangsberg DR, Deeks SG. Is average adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy enough? J of Gen Intern Med. 2002;17(10):812–3.CrossRef Bangsberg DR, Deeks SG. Is average adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy enough? J of Gen Intern Med. 2002;17(10):812–3.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Simoni JM, Huh D, Wilson IB, et al. Racial/ethnic disparities in ART adherence in the United States: Findings from the MACH14 Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;60(5):466–72.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Simoni JM, Huh D, Wilson IB, et al. Racial/ethnic disparities in ART adherence in the United States: Findings from the MACH14 Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;60(5):466–72.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
13.
go back to reference Bogart LM, Wagner GJ, Galvan FH, Klein DJ. Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-Serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African-American men with HIV. Ann Behav Med. 2010;40(2):184–90.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Bogart LM, Wagner GJ, Galvan FH, Klein DJ. Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-Serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African-American men with HIV. Ann Behav Med. 2010;40(2):184–90.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
14.
go back to reference Wagner GJ, Goggin K, Remien RH, et al. A closer look at depression and its relationship to HIV antiretroviral adherence. Ann Behav Med Publ Soc Behav Med. 2011;42(3):352–60.CrossRef Wagner GJ, Goggin K, Remien RH, et al. A closer look at depression and its relationship to HIV antiretroviral adherence. Ann Behav Med Publ Soc Behav Med. 2011;42(3):352–60.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Fogarty L, Roter D, Larson S, Burke J, Gillespie J, Levy R. Patient adherence to HIV medication regimens: a review of published and abstract reports. Patient Educ Couns. 2002;46(2):93–108.CrossRefPubMed Fogarty L, Roter D, Larson S, Burke J, Gillespie J, Levy R. Patient adherence to HIV medication regimens: a review of published and abstract reports. Patient Educ Couns. 2002;46(2):93–108.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Rosen MI, Black AC, Arnsten JH, et al. Association between use of specific drugs and antiretroviral adherence: findings from MACH 14. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(1):142–7.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Rosen MI, Black AC, Arnsten JH, et al. Association between use of specific drugs and antiretroviral adherence: findings from MACH 14. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(1):142–7.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
17.
go back to reference Lucas GM, Mullen BA, McCaul ME, Weidle PJ, Hader S, Moore RD. Adherence, drug use, and treatment failure in a methadone-clinic–based program of directly administered antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2007;21(8):564–74.CrossRefPubMed Lucas GM, Mullen BA, McCaul ME, Weidle PJ, Hader S, Moore RD. Adherence, drug use, and treatment failure in a methadone-clinic–based program of directly administered antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2007;21(8):564–74.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Lazo M, Gange SJ, Wilson TE, et al. Patterns and predictors of changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: longitudinal study of men and women. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(10):1377–85.CrossRefPubMed Lazo M, Gange SJ, Wilson TE, et al. Patterns and predictors of changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: longitudinal study of men and women. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(10):1377–85.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Nilsson Schönnesson L, Williams ML, Ross MW, Bratt G, Keel B. Factors associated with suboptimal antiretroviral therapy adherence to dose, schedule, and dietary Instructions. AIDS Behav. 2006;11(2):175–83. Nilsson Schönnesson L, Williams ML, Ross MW, Bratt G, Keel B. Factors associated with suboptimal antiretroviral therapy adherence to dose, schedule, and dietary Instructions. AIDS Behav. 2006;11(2):175–83.
20.
go back to reference Knowlton AR, Yang C, Bohnert A, Wissow L, Chander G. A. Arnsten J. Informal care and reciprocity of support are associated with HAART adherence among men in Baltimore, MD, USA. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(7):1429–36.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Knowlton AR, Yang C, Bohnert A, Wissow L, Chander G. A. Arnsten J. Informal care and reciprocity of support are associated with HAART adherence among men in Baltimore, MD, USA. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(7):1429–36.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
21.
go back to reference Martinez DA, Goggin K, Catley D, et al. Do coping styles mediate the relationship between substance use and educational attainment and antiretroviral adherence? AIDS Behav. 2012;16(8):2319–29.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Martinez DA, Goggin K, Catley D, et al. Do coping styles mediate the relationship between substance use and educational attainment and antiretroviral adherence? AIDS Behav. 2012;16(8):2319–29.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
22.
go back to reference O’Cleirigh C, Valentine SE, Pinkston M, et al. The unique challenges facing HIV-positive patients who smoke cigarettes: HIV viremia, ART adherence, engagement in HIV care, and concurrent substance use. AIDS Behav. epub 2014 Apr 27. O’Cleirigh C, Valentine SE, Pinkston M, et al. The unique challenges facing HIV-positive patients who smoke cigarettes: HIV viremia, ART adherence, engagement in HIV care, and concurrent substance use. AIDS Behav. epub 2014 Apr 27.
23.
go back to reference Marks King R, Vidrine DJ, Danysh HE, et al. Factors associated with nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive smokers. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2012;26(8):479–85. Marks King R, Vidrine DJ, Danysh HE, et al. Factors associated with nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive smokers. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2012;26(8):479–85.
24.
go back to reference Webb MS, Vanable PA, Carey MP, Blair DC. Medication adherence in HIV-infected smokers: the mediating role of depressive symptoms. AIDS Educ Prev. 2009;21(3 supplement):94–105.CrossRefPubMed Webb MS, Vanable PA, Carey MP, Blair DC. Medication adherence in HIV-infected smokers: the mediating role of depressive symptoms. AIDS Educ Prev. 2009;21(3 supplement):94–105.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Shuter J, Bernstein S. Cigarette smoking is an independent predictor of nonadherence in HIV-infected individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008;10(4):731–6.CrossRefPubMed Shuter J, Bernstein S. Cigarette smoking is an independent predictor of nonadherence in HIV-infected individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008;10(4):731–6.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Feldman JG, Minkoff H, Schneider MF, et al. Association of cigarette smoking with HIV prognosis among women in the HAART era: a report from the women’s interagency HIV study. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(6):1060.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Feldman JG, Minkoff H, Schneider MF, et al. Association of cigarette smoking with HIV prognosis among women in the HAART era: a report from the women’s interagency HIV study. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(6):1060.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
27.
go back to reference Lloyd-Richardson EE, Stanton CA, Papandonatos GD, et al. Motivation and patch treatment for HIV+ smokers: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2009;104(11):1891–900.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Lloyd-Richardson EE, Stanton CA, Papandonatos GD, et al. Motivation and patch treatment for HIV+ smokers: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2009;104(11):1891–900.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
28.
go back to reference Vidrine DJ, Marks RM, Arduino RC, Gritz ER. Efficacy of cell phone-delivered smoking cessation counseling for persons living with HIV/AIDS: 3-month outcomes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;14(1):106–10.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Vidrine DJ, Marks RM, Arduino RC, Gritz ER. Efficacy of cell phone-delivered smoking cessation counseling for persons living with HIV/AIDS: 3-month outcomes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;14(1):106–10.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
30.
go back to reference Husten CG, McCarty MC, Giovino GA, Chrismon JH, Zhu B. Intermittent smokers: a descriptive analysis of persons who have never smoked daily. Am J Public Health. 1998;88(1):86–9.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Husten CG, McCarty MC, Giovino GA, Chrismon JH, Zhu B. Intermittent smokers: a descriptive analysis of persons who have never smoked daily. Am J Public Health. 1998;88(1):86–9.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
32.
go back to reference Goggin K, Gerkovich MM, Williams KB, et al. A randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of motivational counseling with observed therapy for antiretroviral therapy adherence. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(6):1992–2001.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Goggin K, Gerkovich MM, Williams KB, et al. A randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of motivational counseling with observed therapy for antiretroviral therapy adherence. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(6):1992–2001.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
33.
go back to reference Prochaska JO, Velicer WF. The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. Am J Health Promot AJHP. 1997;12(1):38–48.CrossRef Prochaska JO, Velicer WF. The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. Am J Health Promot AJHP. 1997;12(1):38–48.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Methodology of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. MMWR. 2004;53(No. RR-12). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Methodology of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. MMWR. 2004;53(No. RR-12).
35.
go back to reference Berg CJ, Sutfin EL, Mendel J, Ahluwalia JS. Use of and interest in smoking cessation strategies among daily and nondaily college student smokers. J Am Coll Health. 2012;60(3):194–202.CrossRefPubMed Berg CJ, Sutfin EL, Mendel J, Ahluwalia JS. Use of and interest in smoking cessation strategies among daily and nondaily college student smokers. J Am Coll Health. 2012;60(3):194–202.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Sacks R, Coady MH, Mbamalu IG, Johns M, Kansagra SM. Exploring the next frontier for tobacco control: nondaily smoking among New York city adults. J Environ Public Health. 2012;2012:1–10.CrossRef Sacks R, Coady MH, Mbamalu IG, Johns M, Kansagra SM. Exploring the next frontier for tobacco control: nondaily smoking among New York city adults. J Environ Public Health. 2012;2012:1–10.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Lenk KM, Chen V, Bernat DH, Forster JL, Rode PA. Characterizing and comparing young adult intermittent and daily smokers. Subst Use Misuse. 2009;44(14):2128–40.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Lenk KM, Chen V, Bernat DH, Forster JL, Rode PA. Characterizing and comparing young adult intermittent and daily smokers. Subst Use Misuse. 2009;44(14):2128–40.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
38.
go back to reference Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström KO. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991;86(9):1119–27.CrossRefPubMed Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström KO. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991;86(9):1119–27.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference de Leon J, Diaz FJ, Becona E, Gurpegui M, Jurado D, Gonzalez-Pinto A. Exploring brief measures of nicotine dependence for epidemiological surveys. Addict Behav. 2003;28(8):1481–6.CrossRefPubMed de Leon J, Diaz FJ, Becona E, Gurpegui M, Jurado D, Gonzalez-Pinto A. Exploring brief measures of nicotine dependence for epidemiological surveys. Addict Behav. 2003;28(8):1481–6.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Boardman T, Catley D, Mayo MS, Ahluwalia JS. Self-efficacy and motivation to quit during participation in a smoking cessation program. Int J Behav Med. 2005;12(4):266–72.CrossRefPubMed Boardman T, Catley D, Mayo MS, Ahluwalia JS. Self-efficacy and motivation to quit during participation in a smoking cessation program. Int J Behav Med. 2005;12(4):266–72.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Harris KJ, Catley D, Good GE, et al. Motivational Interviewing for smoking cessation in college students: a group randomized controlled trial. Prev Med. 2010;51(5):387–93.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Harris KJ, Catley D, Good GE, et al. Motivational Interviewing for smoking cessation in college students: a group randomized controlled trial. Prev Med. 2010;51(5):387–93.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
42.
go back to reference Lee HS, Catley D, Harris K. Improving understanding of the quitting process: psychological predictors of quit attempts versus smoking cessation maintenance among college students. Subst Use Misuse. 2014;49(10):1332–9.CrossRefPubMed Lee HS, Catley D, Harris K. Improving understanding of the quitting process: psychological predictors of quit attempts versus smoking cessation maintenance among college students. Subst Use Misuse. 2014;49(10):1332–9.CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Ortego C, Huedo-Medina TB, Llorca J, et al. Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): A meta-analysis. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(7):1381–96.CrossRefPubMed Ortego C, Huedo-Medina TB, Llorca J, et al. Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): A meta-analysis. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(7):1381–96.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Kobin AB, Sheth NU. Levels of adherence required for virologic suppression among newer antiretroviral medications. Ann Pharmacother. 2011;45(3):372–9.CrossRefPubMed Kobin AB, Sheth NU. Levels of adherence required for virologic suppression among newer antiretroviral medications. Ann Pharmacother. 2011;45(3):372–9.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Pacek LR, Latkin C, Crum RM, Stuart EA, Knowlton AR. Interest in quitting and lifetime quit attempts among smokers living with HIV infection. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;138:220–4.CrossRefPubMed Pacek LR, Latkin C, Crum RM, Stuart EA, Knowlton AR. Interest in quitting and lifetime quit attempts among smokers living with HIV infection. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;138:220–4.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Tesoriero JM, Gieryic SM, Carrascal A, Lavigne HE. Smoking among HIV positive New Yorkers; prevalence, frequency, and opportunities for cessation. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(4):824–35.CrossRefPubMed Tesoriero JM, Gieryic SM, Carrascal A, Lavigne HE. Smoking among HIV positive New Yorkers; prevalence, frequency, and opportunities for cessation. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(4):824–35.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Mamary EM, Bahrs D, Martinez S. Cigarette smoking and the desire to quit among individuals living with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2002;16(1):39–42.CrossRefPubMed Mamary EM, Bahrs D, Martinez S. Cigarette smoking and the desire to quit among individuals living with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2002;16(1):39–42.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Metadata
Title
The Relationship Between ART Adherence and Smoking Status Among HIV+ Individuals
Authors
Jose L. Moreno
Delwyn Catley
Hyoung S. Lee
Kathy Goggin
Publication date
01-04-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
AIDS and Behavior / Issue 4/2015
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0978-6

Other articles of this Issue 4/2015

AIDS and Behavior 4/2015 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.