Skip to main content
Top
Published in: AIDS and Behavior 1/2012

01-01-2012 | Original Paper

‘Never Testing for HIV’ Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Recruited from a Sexual Networking Website, United States

Authors: Andrew D. Margolis, Heather Joseph, Lisa Belcher, Sabina Hirshfield, Mary Ann Chiasson

Published in: AIDS and Behavior | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

HIV testing was assessed online among men accessing a sexual networking website for men who have sex with men. Most of the 8,040 participants reported HIV testing (58.2% ≤ 1 year; 33.1% > 1 year) and 17.1% were HIV-positive. Overall, 8.6% of men including 24% of those 18–24 years of age had never been tested. Among never testers, 25% did not know where to get tested. Predictors of never being tested included younger age (18–24), bisexual or heterosexual orientation, living outside of large metropolitan areas, and not having a healthcare provider. Increasing access to and knowledge of HIV testing sites is needed.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Hall HI, Ruiguang S, Rhodes P, et al. Estimation of HIV incidence in the United States. JAMA. 2008;300(5):520–9.PubMedCrossRef Hall HI, Ruiguang S, Rhodes P, et al. Estimation of HIV incidence in the United States. JAMA. 2008;300(5):520–9.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Jaffe HW, Valdiserri RO, De Cock KM. The reemerging HIV/AIDS epidemic in men who have sex with men. JAMA. 2007;298:2412–4.PubMedCrossRef Jaffe HW, Valdiserri RO, De Cock KM. The reemerging HIV/AIDS epidemic in men who have sex with men. JAMA. 2007;298:2412–4.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Wolitski RJ, Stall R, Valdiserri RO. Unequal opportunity: health disparities affecting gay and bisexual men in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008. Wolitski RJ, Stall R, Valdiserri RO. Unequal opportunity: health disparities affecting gay and bisexual men in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.
5.
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses among men who have sex with men-33 states, 2001–2006. MMWR. 2008;57:681–6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses among men who have sex with men-33 states, 2001–2006. MMWR. 2008;57:681–6.
6.
go back to reference Wolitski RJ, Bailey CJ, O’Leary A, Gomez CA, Parson JT. Self-perceived responsibility of HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men for preventing HIV transmission. AIDS Behav. 2003;7:363–72.PubMedCrossRef Wolitski RJ, Bailey CJ, O’Leary A, Gomez CA, Parson JT. Self-perceived responsibility of HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men for preventing HIV transmission. AIDS Behav. 2003;7:363–72.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Wolitski RJ, Flores SA, O’Leary A, Bimbi DS, Gomez CA. Beliefs about personal and partner responsibility among HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men: measurement and association with transmission risk behavior. AIDS Behav. 2007;11:676–86.PubMedCrossRef Wolitski RJ, Flores SA, O’Leary A, Bimbi DS, Gomez CA. Beliefs about personal and partner responsibility among HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men: measurement and association with transmission risk behavior. AIDS Behav. 2007;11:676–86.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Marks G, Crepaz N, Senterfitt N, Janssen RS. Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39:44–53.CrossRef Marks G, Crepaz N, Senterfitt N, Janssen RS. Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39:44–53.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Weinhardt LS. HIV diagnosis and risk behavior. In: Kalichman S, editor. Positive prevention: reducing HIV transmission among people living with HIV/AIDS. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2005. p. 29–63. Weinhardt LS. HIV diagnosis and risk behavior. In: Kalichman S, editor. Positive prevention: reducing HIV transmission among people living with HIV/AIDS. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2005. p. 29–63.
10.
go back to reference Campsmith ML, Rhodes PH, Hall HI, Green T. Undiagnosed HIV prevalence among adults and adolescents in the United States at the end of 2006. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53(5):619–24.PubMed Campsmith ML, Rhodes PH, Hall HI, Green T. Undiagnosed HIV prevalence among adults and adolescents in the United States at the end of 2006. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53(5):619–24.PubMed
11.
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV prevalence estimates—United States, 2006. MMWR. 2008;57:1073–6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV prevalence estimates—United States, 2006. MMWR. 2008;57:1073–6.
12.
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence and awareness of HIV infection among men who have sex with men -21 cities, United States, 2008. MMWR. 2010;59(37):1201–7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence and awareness of HIV infection among men who have sex with men -21 cities, United States, 2008. MMWR. 2010;59(37):1201–7.
13.
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Number of persons tested for HIV—United States, 2002. MMWR. 2004;53(47):1110–3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Number of persons tested for HIV—United States, 2002. MMWR. 2004;53(47):1110–3.
14.
go back to reference Brewer DD, Golden MR, Handsfield HH. Unsafe sexual behavior and correlates of risk in a probability sample of men who have sex with men in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Sex Transm Dis. 2006;33(4):250–5.PubMed Brewer DD, Golden MR, Handsfield HH. Unsafe sexual behavior and correlates of risk in a probability sample of men who have sex with men in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Sex Transm Dis. 2006;33(4):250–5.PubMed
15.
go back to reference MacKellar DA, Valleroy LA, Anderson JE, et al. Recent HIV testing among young men who have sex with men: correlates, contexts, and HIV seroconversion. Sex Transm Dis. 2006;33(3):183–92.PubMedCrossRef MacKellar DA, Valleroy LA, Anderson JE, et al. Recent HIV testing among young men who have sex with men: correlates, contexts, and HIV seroconversion. Sex Transm Dis. 2006;33(3):183–92.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk, prevention, and testing behaviors—United States, National HIV behavioral surveillance system: men who have sex with men, November 2003–April 2005. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2006;55(SS06):1–16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk, prevention, and testing behaviors—United States, National HIV behavioral surveillance system: men who have sex with men, November 2003–April 2005. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2006;55(SS06):1–16.
17.
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV prevalence, unrecognized infections, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men-five U.S. cities, June 2004–April 2005. MMWR. 2005;54(24):597–601. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV prevalence, unrecognized infections, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men-five U.S. cities, June 2004–April 2005. MMWR. 2005;54(24):597–601.
18.
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Persons tested for HIV–United States, 2006. MMWR. 2008;57(31):845–9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Persons tested for HIV–United States, 2006. MMWR. 2008;57(31):845–9.
19.
go back to reference Heyman KM, Barnes PM, Schiller JS. Early release of selected estimates based on data from the January-September 2009, National Health Interview Survey. Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics; 2010. Heyman KM, Barnes PM, Schiller JS. Early release of selected estimates based on data from the January-September 2009, National Health Interview Survey. Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics; 2010.
20.
go back to reference Kellerman SE, Lehman JH, Lansky A, et al. HIV testing within at-risk populations in the United States and the reasons for seeking or avoiding HIV testing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002;31(2):202–10.PubMedCrossRef Kellerman SE, Lehman JH, Lansky A, et al. HIV testing within at-risk populations in the United States and the reasons for seeking or avoiding HIV testing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002;31(2):202–10.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Helms DJ, Weinstock HS, Mahle KC, et al. HIV testing frequency among men who have sex with men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics: implications for HIV prevention and surveillance. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;50(3):320–6.PubMedCrossRef Helms DJ, Weinstock HS, Mahle KC, et al. HIV testing frequency among men who have sex with men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics: implications for HIV prevention and surveillance. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;50(3):320–6.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital Signs: HIV testing and diagnosis among adults––United States, 2001–2009. MMWR. 2010;59:1550–5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital Signs: HIV testing and diagnosis among adults––United States, 2001–2009. MMWR. 2010;59:1550–5.
23.
go back to reference Branson BM. State of the art for diagnosis of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(Suppl 4):S221–5.PubMedCrossRef Branson BM. State of the art for diagnosis of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(Suppl 4):S221–5.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR. 2006;55 (No. RR-14). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR. 2006;55 (No. RR-14).
26.
go back to reference Hirshfield S, Chiasson MA, Scheinmann R, et al. Risk profile associated with attrition in an online HIV prevention trial among men who have sex with men. National HIV Prevention Conference: Atlanta; 2009 [abstract A17-1]. Hirshfield S, Chiasson MA, Scheinmann R, et al. Risk profile associated with attrition in an online HIV prevention trial among men who have sex with men. National HIV Prevention Conference: Atlanta; 2009 [abstract A17-1].
29.
go back to reference Pandori MW, Hackett J, Louie B, et al. Assessment of the ability of a fourth-generation immunoassay for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antibody and p24 antigen to detect both acute and recent HIV infections in a high-risk setting. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47(8):2639–42.PubMedCrossRef Pandori MW, Hackett J, Louie B, et al. Assessment of the ability of a fourth-generation immunoassay for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antibody and p24 antigen to detect both acute and recent HIV infections in a high-risk setting. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47(8):2639–42.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Branson BM. The future of HIV testing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55(Supplement 2):S102–5.PubMed Branson BM. The future of HIV testing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55(Supplement 2):S102–5.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Eysenbach G. Improving the quality of web surveys: the checklist for reporting results of internet e-surveys. J Med Internet Res. 2004;6(3):e34.PubMedCrossRef Eysenbach G. Improving the quality of web surveys: the checklist for reporting results of internet e-surveys. J Med Internet Res. 2004;6(3):e34.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Bowen AM, Daniel CM, Williams ML, Baird GL. Identifying multiple submissions in internet research: preserving data integrity. AIDS Behav. 2008;12(6):964–73.PubMedCrossRef Bowen AM, Daniel CM, Williams ML, Baird GL. Identifying multiple submissions in internet research: preserving data integrity. AIDS Behav. 2008;12(6):964–73.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Chiasson MA, Parson JT, Tesoriero JM, Carballo-Dieguez A, Hirshfield S, Remien RH. HIV behavioral research online. J Urban Health. 2006;83(1):73–85.PubMedCrossRef Chiasson MA, Parson JT, Tesoriero JM, Carballo-Dieguez A, Hirshfield S, Remien RH. HIV behavioral research online. J Urban Health. 2006;83(1):73–85.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
‘Never Testing for HIV’ Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Recruited from a Sexual Networking Website, United States
Authors
Andrew D. Margolis
Heather Joseph
Lisa Belcher
Sabina Hirshfield
Mary Ann Chiasson
Publication date
01-01-2012
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
AIDS and Behavior / Issue 1/2012
Print ISSN: 1090-7165
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3254
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-9883-4

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

AIDS and Behavior 1/2012 Go to the issue
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.