Protracted febrile myalgia syndrome in familial Mediterranean fever

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal, recessively inherited multisystem disease that affects various groups of people originating from the Mediterranean Sea region, most specifically those of Jewish, Turkish, Armenian, and Arabic ethnicity. Recurrent attacks of fever and sterile polyserositis of the peritoneum, synovial membranes, and pleura are the main clinical features, although the clinical features of FMF have been expanded in recent years to also include severe myalgia, scrotal swelling, cardiac involvement, and protracted febrile myalgia syndrome (PFMS). PFMS is seen in only a small percentage of FMF patients and is characterized by severe debilitating myalgia of the upper and lower extremities and high fever, occasionally accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea, arthritis/arthralgia, and transient vasculitic purpura mimicking Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). Here, we report on a patient with FMF who also presents with PFMS, which is an uncommon and severe manifestation of the disease.