Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Lasers in Medical Science 6/2017

01-08-2017 | Original Article

Efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy on masseter thickness and oral health-related quality of life in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Authors: Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues Santos, Karla Santos Nascimento, Simone Carazzato, Alina Oliveira Barros, Fausto Medeiros Mendes, Michele Baffi Diniz

Published in: Lasers in Medical Science | Issue 6/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on bilateral masseter muscle thickness and amplitude of mouth opening in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), and the impact on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). Three groups were included: experimental CP group (EG: n = 26 with oral complaints), positive control CP group (PCG: n = 26 without complaints), and negative control group (NCG: n = 26 without CP). In the EG, the masseter muscles on both sides were irradiated with an infrared low-level Ga-Al-As laser (λ = 808 ± 3 nm, 120 mW) using a 3 J/cm2 energy dose per site, with a 20 s exposure time per site (spot area: 4 mm2; irradiance: 3 W/cm2; energy delivery per point: 2.4 J) six times over six consecutive weeks. Masseter thickness, assessed through ultrasonography, and the amplitude of mouth opening were measured in the EG before and after six applications of PBMT and once in the PCG and NCG. The Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ) was used to evaluate OHRQOL. ANOVA, chi-square, t tests, and multilevel linear regression were used for statistical analysis. In the EG, the study results revealed average increments of 0.77 (0.08) millimeter in masseter thickness (P < 0.05) and 7.39 (0.58) millimeter for mouth opening (P < 0.05) and reduction in all P-CPQ domains (P < 0.001), except for social well-being. The six applications of PBMT increased masseter thickness and mouth opening amplitude and reduced the impact of spastic CP on OHRQOL.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, Goldstein M, Bax M, Damiano D, Dan B, Jacobsson B (2007) A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl 109:8–14SPubMed Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, Goldstein M, Bax M, Damiano D, Dan B, Jacobsson B (2007) A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl 109:8–14SPubMed
2.
go back to reference Ronan S, Gold JT (2007) Nonoperative management of spasticity in children. Childs Nerv Syst 23:943–956CrossRefPubMed Ronan S, Gold JT (2007) Nonoperative management of spasticity in children. Childs Nerv Syst 23:943–956CrossRefPubMed
3.
4.
go back to reference Gracies JM (2005) Pathophysiology of spastic paresis. I: paresis and soft tissue changes. Muscle Nerve 31:535–551CrossRefPubMed Gracies JM (2005) Pathophysiology of spastic paresis. I: paresis and soft tissue changes. Muscle Nerve 31:535–551CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Manzano FS, Granero LM, Masiero D, dos Maria TB (2004) Treatment of muscle spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy using BTX-A: a pilot study. Spec Care Dentist 24:235–239CrossRefPubMed Manzano FS, Granero LM, Masiero D, dos Maria TB (2004) Treatment of muscle spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy using BTX-A: a pilot study. Spec Care Dentist 24:235–239CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference dos Santos MT, de Oliveira LM (2004) Use of cryotherapy to enhance mouth opening in patients with cerebral palsy. Spec Care Dentist 24:232–234CrossRefPubMed dos Santos MT, de Oliveira LM (2004) Use of cryotherapy to enhance mouth opening in patients with cerebral palsy. Spec Care Dentist 24:232–234CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Santos MT, Manzano FS, Genovese WJ (2008) Different approaches to dental management of self-inflicted oral trauma: oral shield, botulinum toxin type A neuromuscular block, and oral surgery. Quintessence Int 39:e63–e69PubMed Santos MT, Manzano FS, Genovese WJ (2008) Different approaches to dental management of self-inflicted oral trauma: oral shield, botulinum toxin type A neuromuscular block, and oral surgery. Quintessence Int 39:e63–e69PubMed
8.
go back to reference Santos MT, Manzano FS, Chamlian TR, Masiero D, Jardim JR (2010) Effect of spastic cerebral palsy on jaw-closing muscles during clenching. Spec Care Dentist 30:163–167CrossRefPubMed Santos MT, Manzano FS, Chamlian TR, Masiero D, Jardim JR (2010) Effect of spastic cerebral palsy on jaw-closing muscles during clenching. Spec Care Dentist 30:163–167CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Botti Rodrigues Santos MT, Duarte Ferreira MC, de Oliveira GR, Guimarães AS, Lira Ortega A (2015) Teeth grinding, oral motor performance and maximal bite force in cerebral palsy children. Spec Care Dentist 35:170–174CrossRefPubMed Botti Rodrigues Santos MT, Duarte Ferreira MC, de Oliveira GR, Guimarães AS, Lira Ortega A (2015) Teeth grinding, oral motor performance and maximal bite force in cerebral palsy children. Spec Care Dentist 35:170–174CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Chung CY, Chen CL, Wong AM (2011) Pharmacotherapy of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. J Formos Med Assoc 110:215–222CrossRefPubMed Chung CY, Chen CL, Wong AM (2011) Pharmacotherapy of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. J Formos Med Assoc 110:215–222CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Rabchevsky AG, Kitzman PH (2011) Latest approaches for the treatment of spasticity and autonomic dysreflexia in chronic spinal cord injury. Neurotherapeutics 8:274–282CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rabchevsky AG, Kitzman PH (2011) Latest approaches for the treatment of spasticity and autonomic dysreflexia in chronic spinal cord injury. Neurotherapeutics 8:274–282CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
go back to reference Casalechi HL, Leal-Junior EC, Xavier M, Silva JA Jr, de Carvalho PT, Aimbire F, Albertini R (2013) Low-level laser therapy in experimental model of collagenase-induced tendinitis in rats: effects in acute and chronic inflammatory phases. Lasers Med Sci 28:989–995CrossRefPubMed Casalechi HL, Leal-Junior EC, Xavier M, Silva JA Jr, de Carvalho PT, Aimbire F, Albertini R (2013) Low-level laser therapy in experimental model of collagenase-induced tendinitis in rats: effects in acute and chronic inflammatory phases. Lasers Med Sci 28:989–995CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Tomazoni SS, Leal-Junior EC, Pallotta RC, Teixeira S, de Almeida P, Lopes-Martins RÁ (2017) Effects of photobiomodulation therapy, pharmacological therapy, and physical exercise as single and/or combined treatment on the inflammatory response induced by experimental osteoarthritis. Lasers Med Sci 32:101–108CrossRefPubMed Tomazoni SS, Leal-Junior EC, Pallotta RC, Teixeira S, de Almeida P, Lopes-Martins RÁ (2017) Effects of photobiomodulation therapy, pharmacological therapy, and physical exercise as single and/or combined treatment on the inflammatory response induced by experimental osteoarthritis. Lasers Med Sci 32:101–108CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference da Rosa AS, dos Santos AF, da Silva MM, Facco GG, Perreira DM, Alves AC, Leal Junior EC, de Carvalho PT (2012) Effects of low-level laser therapy at wavelengths of 660 and 808 nm in experimental model of osteoarthritis. Photochem Photobiol 88:161–166CrossRefPubMed da Rosa AS, dos Santos AF, da Silva MM, Facco GG, Perreira DM, Alves AC, Leal Junior EC, de Carvalho PT (2012) Effects of low-level laser therapy at wavelengths of 660 and 808 nm in experimental model of osteoarthritis. Photochem Photobiol 88:161–166CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Albuquerque-Pontes GM, Vieira RP, Tomazoni SS, Caires CO, Nemeth V, Vanin AA, Santos LA, Pinto HD, Marcos RL, Bjordal JM, de Carvalho PT, Leal-Junior EC (2015) Effect of pre-irradiation with different doses, wavelengths, and application intervals of low-level laser therapy on cytochrome c oxidase activity in intact skeletal muscle of rats. Lasers Med Sci 30:59–66CrossRefPubMed Albuquerque-Pontes GM, Vieira RP, Tomazoni SS, Caires CO, Nemeth V, Vanin AA, Santos LA, Pinto HD, Marcos RL, Bjordal JM, de Carvalho PT, Leal-Junior EC (2015) Effect of pre-irradiation with different doses, wavelengths, and application intervals of low-level laser therapy on cytochrome c oxidase activity in intact skeletal muscle of rats. Lasers Med Sci 30:59–66CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference de Paiva PR, Tomazoni SS, Johnson DS, Vanin AA, Albuquerque-Pontes GM, Machado CD, Casalechi HL, de Carvalho PT, Leal-Junior EC (2016) Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and/or cryotherapy in skeletal muscle restitution, what is better? A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 31:1925–1933CrossRefPubMed de Paiva PR, Tomazoni SS, Johnson DS, Vanin AA, Albuquerque-Pontes GM, Machado CD, Casalechi HL, de Carvalho PT, Leal-Junior EC (2016) Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and/or cryotherapy in skeletal muscle restitution, what is better? A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 31:1925–1933CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Vanin AA, Miranda EF, Machado CS, de Paiva PR, Albuquerque-Pontes GM, Casalechi HL, de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho P, Leal-Junior EC (2016) What is the best moment to apply phototherapy when associated to a strength training program? A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial: phototherapy in association to strength training. Lasers Med Sci 31:1555–1564CrossRefPubMed Vanin AA, Miranda EF, Machado CS, de Paiva PR, Albuquerque-Pontes GM, Casalechi HL, de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho P, Leal-Junior EC (2016) What is the best moment to apply phototherapy when associated to a strength training program? A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial: phototherapy in association to strength training. Lasers Med Sci 31:1555–1564CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Leal-Junior EC, Vanin AA, Miranda EF, de Carvalho PT, Dal Corso S, Bjordal JM (2015) Effect of phototherapy (low-level laser therapy and light-emitting diode therapy) on exercise performance and markers of exercise recovery: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 30:925–939CrossRefPubMed Leal-Junior EC, Vanin AA, Miranda EF, de Carvalho PT, Dal Corso S, Bjordal JM (2015) Effect of phototherapy (low-level laser therapy and light-emitting diode therapy) on exercise performance and markers of exercise recovery: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 30:925–939CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Santos MT, Diniz MB, Gouw-Soares SC, Lopes-Martins RA, Frigo L, Baeder FM (2016) Evaluation of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of masticatory muscles spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. J Biomed Opt 21:28001CrossRefPubMed Santos MT, Diniz MB, Gouw-Soares SC, Lopes-Martins RA, Frigo L, Baeder FM (2016) Evaluation of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of masticatory muscles spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. J Biomed Opt 21:28001CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E, Look J, Anderson G, Goulet JP, List T, Svensson P et al (2014) Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the international RDC/TMD consortium network* and orofacial pain special interest group†. Journal of oral & facial pain and headache 28:6–27CrossRef Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E, Look J, Anderson G, Goulet JP, List T, Svensson P et al (2014) Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the international RDC/TMD consortium network* and orofacial pain special interest group†. Journal of oral & facial pain and headache 28:6–27CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Barbosa TS, Steiner-Oliveira C, Gavião MBD (2010) Tradução e adaptação brasileira do Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ). Saúde e Sociedade 19:698–708CrossRef Barbosa TS, Steiner-Oliveira C, Gavião MBD (2010) Tradução e adaptação brasileira do Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ). Saúde e Sociedade 19:698–708CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Barbosa TS, Tureli MC, Gavião MB (2009) Validity and reliability of the Child Perceptions Questionnaires applied in Brazilian children. BMC Oral Health 18:9–13 Barbosa TS, Tureli MC, Gavião MB (2009) Validity and reliability of the Child Perceptions Questionnaires applied in Brazilian children. BMC Oral Health 18:9–13
24.
go back to reference Rai S, Ranjan V, Misra D, Panjwani S (2016) Management of myofascial pain by therapeutic ultrasound and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: a comparative study. Eur J Dent 10:46–53CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rai S, Ranjan V, Misra D, Panjwani S (2016) Management of myofascial pain by therapeutic ultrasound and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: a comparative study. Eur J Dent 10:46–53CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
go back to reference Bonouvrié L, Becher J, Soudant D, Buizer A, van Ouwerkerk W, Vles G, Vermeulen RJ (2016) The effect of intrathecal baclofen treatment on activities of daily life in children and young adults with cerebral palsy and progressive neurological disorders. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 20:538–544CrossRefPubMed Bonouvrié L, Becher J, Soudant D, Buizer A, van Ouwerkerk W, Vles G, Vermeulen RJ (2016) The effect of intrathecal baclofen treatment on activities of daily life in children and young adults with cerebral palsy and progressive neurological disorders. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 20:538–544CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Gupta M, Lal Rajak B, Bhatia D, Mukherjee A (2016) Effect of r-TMS over standard therapy in decreasing muscle tone of spastic cerebral palsy patients. J Med Eng Technol 40:210–221CrossRefPubMed Gupta M, Lal Rajak B, Bhatia D, Mukherjee A (2016) Effect of r-TMS over standard therapy in decreasing muscle tone of spastic cerebral palsy patients. J Med Eng Technol 40:210–221CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Tupimai T, Peungsuwan P, Prasertnoo J, Yamauchi J (2016) Effect of combining passive muscle stretching and whole body vibration on spasticity and physical performance of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci 28:7–13CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tupimai T, Peungsuwan P, Prasertnoo J, Yamauchi J (2016) Effect of combining passive muscle stretching and whole body vibration on spasticity and physical performance of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci 28:7–13CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
go back to reference Barney CC, Krach LE, Rivard PF, Belew JL, Symons FJ (2013) Motor function predicts parent-reported musculoskeletal pain in children with cerebral palsy. Pain Res Manag 18:323–327CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Barney CC, Krach LE, Rivard PF, Belew JL, Symons FJ (2013) Motor function predicts parent-reported musculoskeletal pain in children with cerebral palsy. Pain Res Manag 18:323–327CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
go back to reference Pinto HD, Vanin AA, Miranda EF, Tomazoni SS, Johnson DS, Albuquerque-Pontes GM, Junior AIO, Grandinetti VD, Casalechi HL, de Carvalho PT, Leal-Junior EC (2016) Photobiomodulation therapy improves performance and accelerates recovery of high-level rugby players in field test: a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Journal of strength and conditioning research 30:3329–3338CrossRefPubMed Pinto HD, Vanin AA, Miranda EF, Tomazoni SS, Johnson DS, Albuquerque-Pontes GM, Junior AIO, Grandinetti VD, Casalechi HL, de Carvalho PT, Leal-Junior EC (2016) Photobiomodulation therapy improves performance and accelerates recovery of high-level rugby players in field test: a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Journal of strength and conditioning research 30:3329–3338CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Santos LA, Marcos RL, Tomazoni SS, Vanin AA, Antonialli FC, Grandinetti Vdos S, Albuquerque-Pontes GM, de Paiva PR, Lopes-Martins RÁ, de Carvalho PT, Bjordal JM, Leal-Junior EC (2014) Effects of pre-irradiation of low-level laser therapy with different doses and wavelengths in skeletal muscle performance, fatigue, and skeletal muscle damage induced by tetanic contractions in rats. Lasers Med Sci 29:1617–1626CrossRefPubMed Santos LA, Marcos RL, Tomazoni SS, Vanin AA, Antonialli FC, Grandinetti Vdos S, Albuquerque-Pontes GM, de Paiva PR, Lopes-Martins RÁ, de Carvalho PT, Bjordal JM, Leal-Junior EC (2014) Effects of pre-irradiation of low-level laser therapy with different doses and wavelengths in skeletal muscle performance, fatigue, and skeletal muscle damage induced by tetanic contractions in rats. Lasers Med Sci 29:1617–1626CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Jiang MH, Chung E, Chi GF, Ahn W, Lim JE, Hong HS, Kim DW, Choi H, Kim J, Son Y (2012) Substance P induces M2-type macrophages after spinal cord injury. Neuroreport 23:786–792CrossRefPubMed Jiang MH, Chung E, Chi GF, Ahn W, Lim JE, Hong HS, Kim DW, Choi H, Kim J, Son Y (2012) Substance P induces M2-type macrophages after spinal cord injury. Neuroreport 23:786–792CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Hochman B, Pinfildi CE, Nishioka MA, Furtado F, Bonatti S, Monteiro PK, Antunes AS, Quieregatto PR, Liebano RE, Chadi G, Ferreira LM (2014) Low-level laser therapy and light-emitting diode effects in the secretion of neuropeptides SP and CGRP in rat skin. Lasers Med Sci 29:1203–1208CrossRefPubMed Hochman B, Pinfildi CE, Nishioka MA, Furtado F, Bonatti S, Monteiro PK, Antunes AS, Quieregatto PR, Liebano RE, Chadi G, Ferreira LM (2014) Low-level laser therapy and light-emitting diode effects in the secretion of neuropeptides SP and CGRP in rat skin. Lasers Med Sci 29:1203–1208CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Ahmed NA, Radwan NM, Ibrahim KM, Khedr ME, El Aziz MA, Khadrawy YA (2008) Effect of three different intensities of infrared laser energy on the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in the cortex and hippocampus of rat brain. Photomed Laser Surg 26:479–488CrossRefPubMed Ahmed NA, Radwan NM, Ibrahim KM, Khedr ME, El Aziz MA, Khadrawy YA (2008) Effect of three different intensities of infrared laser energy on the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in the cortex and hippocampus of rat brain. Photomed Laser Surg 26:479–488CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Breau LM, Camfield CS, McGrath PJ, Finley GA (2003) The incidence of pain in children with severe cognitive impairments. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157:1219–1226CrossRefPubMed Breau LM, Camfield CS, McGrath PJ, Finley GA (2003) The incidence of pain in children with severe cognitive impairments. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157:1219–1226CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Abanto J, Carvalho TS, Bönecker M, Ortega AO, Ciamponi AL, Raggio DP (2012) Parental reports of the oral health-related quality of life of children with cerebral palsy. BMC Oral Health 18:12–15 Abanto J, Carvalho TS, Bönecker M, Ortega AO, Ciamponi AL, Raggio DP (2012) Parental reports of the oral health-related quality of life of children with cerebral palsy. BMC Oral Health 18:12–15
36.
go back to reference Baens-Ferrer C, Roseman MM, Dumas HM, Haley SM (2005) Parental perceptions of oral health-related quality of life for children with special needs: impact of oral rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Pediatr Dent 27:137–142PubMed Baens-Ferrer C, Roseman MM, Dumas HM, Haley SM (2005) Parental perceptions of oral health-related quality of life for children with special needs: impact of oral rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Pediatr Dent 27:137–142PubMed
37.
go back to reference Rizzi ÉC, Issa JP, Dias FJ, Leão JC, Regalo SC, Siéssere S, Watanabe IS, Iyomasa MM (2010) Low-level laser intensity application in masseter muscle for treatment purposes. Photomed Laser Surg Suppl 2:S31–S35 Rizzi ÉC, Issa JP, Dias FJ, Leão JC, Regalo SC, Siéssere S, Watanabe IS, Iyomasa MM (2010) Low-level laser intensity application in masseter muscle for treatment purposes. Photomed Laser Surg Suppl 2:S31–S35
38.
go back to reference Antonialli FC, De Marchi T, Tomazoni SS, Vanin AA, dos Santos GV, de Paiva PR, Pinto HD, Miranda EF, de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho P, Leal-Junior EC (2014) Phototherapy in skeletal muscle performance and recovery after exercise:effect of combination of super-pulsed laser and light-emitting diodes. Lasers Med Sci 29:1967–1976CrossRefPubMed Antonialli FC, De Marchi T, Tomazoni SS, Vanin AA, dos Santos GV, de Paiva PR, Pinto HD, Miranda EF, de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho P, Leal-Junior EC (2014) Phototherapy in skeletal muscle performance and recovery after exercise:effect of combination of super-pulsed laser and light-emitting diodes. Lasers Med Sci 29:1967–1976CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy on masseter thickness and oral health-related quality of life in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors
Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues Santos
Karla Santos Nascimento
Simone Carazzato
Alina Oliveira Barros
Fausto Medeiros Mendes
Michele Baffi Diniz
Publication date
01-08-2017
Publisher
Springer London
Published in
Lasers in Medical Science / Issue 6/2017
Print ISSN: 0268-8921
Electronic ISSN: 1435-604X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2236-4

Other articles of this Issue 6/2017

Lasers in Medical Science 6/2017 Go to the issue