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Clinical Oral Investigations
Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations 4/2017

Open Access 01-05-2017 | Original Article

Presence of plaque, gingivitis and caries in Sudanese children with congenital heart defects

Authors: Hiba Mohamed Ali, Manal Mustafa, Siham Hasabalrasol, Osama Hafiz Elshazali, Elwalid Fadul Nasir, Raouf Wahab Ali, Ellen Berggreen, Marit Slåttelid Skeie

Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Issue 4/2017

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Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study is to assess the presence of plaque, gingivitis, and caries in a group of Sudanese children with congenital heart defects CHDs (cases) and compare them to children without CHDs (controls).

Materials and methods

This analytical cross-sectional study included cases (N = 111, with a mean age of 7.2 ± 3.0 years) and controls (N = 182, with a mean age of 7.2 ± 2.8 years) from Khartoum, Sudan. Examinations were done by two calibrated dentists using plaque index, gingival index, and WHO (World Health Organization) caries diagnostic criteria (dmft/DMFT index: decayed, missing, and filled teeth).

Results

Children with CHDs (cases) had statistically significantly higher mean number of sites with plaque and gingivitis than children without CHDs (controls), although almost all children experienced plaque. Cases also experienced significantly higher mean dmft/DMFT than controls (age group 1, 3–7 years: 3.7 vs 2.3 and age group 2, 8–12 years: 1.3 vs 0.6). The Significant Caries Indices in cases (age groups 1 and 2) were also significantly higher than among controls (SiC 8.2 vs 5.9 and 1.8 vs 0.8, respectively). Fillings were totally lacking among cases and scarce among controls.

Conclusions

The findings clearly showed that this group of Sudanese children with CHDs was more severely affected with gingivitis and caries than the control group without CHDs. These results are cause for concern in children at risk of developing systemic infections and serious complications related to poor oral health.

Clinical relevance

These findings provide important baseline data for planning appropriate dental preventive strategies for Sudanese children with CHDs.
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Metadata
Title
Presence of plaque, gingivitis and caries in Sudanese children with congenital heart defects
Authors
Hiba Mohamed Ali
Manal Mustafa
Siham Hasabalrasol
Osama Hafiz Elshazali
Elwalid Fadul Nasir
Raouf Wahab Ali
Ellen Berggreen
Marit Slåttelid Skeie
Publication date
01-05-2017
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Clinical Oral Investigations / Issue 4/2017
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Electronic ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1884-2

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