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01-06-2020 | Anemia | Original Article

Molecular detection, histopathological analysis, and immunohistochemical characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected equids

Authors: Bruna Lopes Bueno, Rebeca Jéssica Falcão Câmara, Matheus Vilardo Lóes Moreira, Grazielle Cossenzo Florentino Galinari, Francielli Martins Souto, Raphael Mattoso Victor, Juliana Marques Bicalho, Roselene Ecco, Jenner Karlisson Pimenta dos Reis

Published in: Archives of Virology | Issue 6/2020

Abstract

Equine infectious anemia (EIA), a disease caused by equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), is considered an obstacle to the development of the horse industry. There is no treatment or vaccine available for EIA, and its pathogenesis, as well as the immune response against the virus, is not fully understood. Therefore, an immunohistochemistry assay was developed for the detection of viral antigens in tissues of equids naturally infected with EIAV. Sections of organs of six equids from Apodi–RN, Brazil, that tested positive for EIA by serological tests (ELISA and AGID) were fixed in 10% formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemistry was performed using a polyclonal anti-EIAV antibody. EIAV antigens were observed in red spleen pulp cells and hepatic sinusoids, as well as bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells of the lungs and proximal and distal tubules of the kidneys. The presence of EIAV in the spleen and liver was expected due to viral tropism by macrophages, which are abundantly present in these organs. However, EIAV was also found in lung and kidney epithelial cells, indicating that the virus infects cell types other than macrophages. In conclusion, the immunohistochemical assay standardized in this study was able to detect EIAV antigens in spleen, liver, kidney and lung cells from naturally infected EIAV equids. Immunostaining observed in the spleen confirms viral tropism by mononuclear phagocytes; however, the presence of EIAV in lung and kidney epithelial cells indicates that virus may be eliminated in urine and/or oronasal secretions, suggesting new routes for viral excretion.

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Title: Molecular detection, histopathological analysis, and immunohistochemical characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected equids
Authors: Bruna Lopes Bueno
Rebeca Jéssica Falcão Câmara
Matheus Vilardo Lóes Moreira
Grazielle Cossenzo Florentino Galinari
Francielli Martins Souto
Raphael Mattoso Victor
Juliana Marques Bicalho
Roselene Ecco
Jenner Karlisson Pimenta dos Reis
Publication date: 01-06-2020
Publisher: Springer Vienna
Keyword: Anemia
Published in: Archives of Virology / Issue 6/2020
Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Electronic ISSN: 1432-8798
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04616-4

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Molecular detection, histopathological analysis, and immunohistochemical characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in naturally infected equids

Abstract

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