Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Surgical Endoscopy
Published in: Surgical Endoscopy 10/2017

01-10-2017 | SAGES Guidelines

SAGES guidelines for the use of laparoscopy during pregnancy

Authors: Jonathan P. Pearl, Raymond R. Price, Allison E. Tonkin, William S. Richardson, Dimitrios Stefanidis

Published in: Surgical Endoscopy | Issue 10/2017

Login to get access

Excerpt

Surgical interventions during pregnancy should minimize fetal risk without compromising the safety of the mother. Favorable outcomes for the pregnant woman and fetus depend on accurate and timely diagnosis with prompt intervention. Surgeons must be aware of data regarding differences in techniques used for pregnant patients to optimize outcomes. This document provides specific recommendations and guidelines to assist physicians in the diagnostic workup and treatment of surgical conditions in pregnant patients, focusing on the use of laparoscopy. …
Literature
1.
Pearl J, Price R, Richardson W, Fanelli R, Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic S (2011) Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and use of laparoscopy for surgical problems during pregnancy. Surg Endosc 25:3479–3492PubMedCrossRef
2.
3.
Kort B, Katz VL, Watson WJ (1993) The effect of nonobstetric operation during pregnancy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 177:371–376PubMed
4.
Augustin G, Majerovic M (2007) Non-obstetrical acute abdomen during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 131:4–12PubMedCrossRef
5.
Fallon WF Jr, Newman JS, Fallon GL, Malangoni MA (1995) The surgical management of intra-abdominal inflammatory conditions during pregnancy. Surg Clin North Am 75:15–31PubMedCrossRef
6.
Cox TC, Huntington CR, Blair LJ, Prasad T, Lincourt AE, Augenstein VA, Heniford BT (2016) Laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy versus open: a study in 1999 pregnant patients. Surg Endosc 30:593–602PubMedCrossRef
7.
Baer J (1932) Appendicitis in pregnancy with changes in position and axis of the normal appendix in pregnancy. JAMA 98:1359–1364CrossRef
8.
Masselli G, Derme M, Laghi F, Framarino-dei-Malatesta M, Gualdi G (2015) Evaluating the acute abdomen in the pregnant patient. Radiol Clin North Am 53:1309–1325PubMedCrossRef
9.
Masselli G, Brunelli R, Monti R, Guida M, Laghi F, Casciani E, Polettini E, Gualdi G (2014) Imaging for acute pelvic pain in pregnancy. Insights Imaging 5:165–181PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
Eyvazzadeh AD, Levine D (2006) Imaging of pelvic pain in the first trimester of pregnancy. Radiol Clin North Am 44:863–877PubMedCrossRef
11.
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (1977) Medical radiation exposure of pregnant and potentially pregnant women. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements report no. 54, Bethesda, MD
12.
Kennedy A (2000) Assessment of acute abdominal pain in the pregnant patient. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 21:64–77PubMedCrossRef
13.
Toppenberg KS, Hill DA (1820) Miller DP (1999) Safety of radiographic imaging during pregnancy. Am Fam Physician 59:1813–1818
14.
15.
Lim HK, Bae SH, Seo GS (1992) Diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pregnant women: value of sonography. Ajr 159:539–542PubMedCrossRef
16.
Nelson MJ, Cavalieri R, Graham D, Sanders RC (1986) Cysts in pregnancy discovered by sonography. J Clin Ultrasound 14:509–512PubMedCrossRef
17.
Katz DS, Klein MA, Ganson G, Hines JJ (2012) Imaging of abdominal pain in pregnancy. Radiol Clin North Am 50:149–171PubMedCrossRef
18.
Ramalingam V, LeBedis C, Kelly JR, Uyeda J, Soto JA, Anderson SW (2015) Evaluation of a sequential multi-modality imaging algorithm for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the pregnant female. Emerg Radiol 22:125–132PubMedCrossRef
19.
Brent RL (2015) Protection of the gametes embryo/fetus from prenatal radiation exposure. Health Phys 108:242–274PubMedCrossRef
20.
21.
Goldberg-Stein SA, Liu B, Hahn PF, Lee SI (2012) Radiation dose management: part 2, estimating fetal radiation risk from CT during pregnancy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 198:W352–W356PubMedCrossRef
22.
Karam PA (2000) Determining and reporting fetal radiation exposure from diagnostic radiation. Health Phys 79:S85–S90PubMedCrossRef
23.
Gomes M, Matias A, Macedo F (2015) Risks to the fetus from diagnostic imaging during pregnancy: review and proposal of a clinical protocol. Pediatr Radiol 45:1916–1929PubMedCrossRef
24.
Chen MM, Kaimal A, Laros RK (2008) Guidelines for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging use during pregnancy and lactation. Obstet Gynecol 112:333–340PubMedCrossRef
25.
Damilakis J, Perisinakis K, Tzedakis A, Papadakis AE, Karantanas A (2010) Radiation dose to the conceptus from multidetector CT during early gestation: a method that allows for variations in maternal body size and conceptus position. Radiology 257:483–489PubMedCrossRef
26.
Angel E, Wellnitz CV, Goodsitt MM, Yaghmai N, DeMarco JJ, Cagnon CH, Sayre JW, Cody DD, Stevens DM, Primak AN, McCollough CH, McNitt-Gray MF (2008) Radiation dose to the fetus for pregnant patients undergoing multidetector CT imaging: Monte Carlo simulations estimating fetal dose for a range of gestational age and patient size. Radiology 249:220–227PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
27.
Groen RS, Bae JY, Lim KJ (2012) Fear of the unknown: ionizing radiation exposure during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 206:456–462PubMedCrossRef
28.
Stepp K, Falcone T (2004) Laparoscopy in the second trimester of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 31:485–496PubMedCrossRef
29.
McCollough CH, Schueler BA, Atwell TD, Braun NN, Regner DM, Brown DL, LeRoy AJ (2007) Radiation exposure and pregnancy: when should we be concerned? Radiographics 27:909–917 discussion 917–908 PubMedCrossRef
30.
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (1977) Medical radiation exposure of pregnant and potentially pregnant women. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements report No 54, Bethesda
31.
Doll R, Wakeford R (1997) Risk of childhood cancer from fetal irradiation. Br J Radiol 70:130–139PubMedCrossRef
32.
33.
Lowe SA (2004) Diagnostic radiography in pregnancy: risks and reality. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 44:191–196PubMedCrossRef
34.
Menias CO, Elsayes KM, Peterson CM, Huete A, Gratz BI, Bhalla S (2007) CT of pregnancy-related complications. Emerg Radiol 13:299–306PubMedCrossRef
35.
Hurwitz LM, Yoshizumi T, Reiman RE, Goodman PC, Paulson EK, Frush DP, Toncheva G, Nguyen G, Barnes L (2006) Radiation dose to the fetus from body MDCT during early gestation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 186:871–876PubMedCrossRef
36.
Forsted DH, Kalbhen CL (2002) CT of pregnant women for urinary tract calculi, pulmonary thromboembolism, and acute appendicitis. Ajr 178:1285PubMedCrossRef
37.
Cook TS, Hilton S, Papanicolaou N (2013) Perspectives on radiation dose in abdominal imaging. Abdom Imaging 38:1190–1196PubMedCrossRef
38.
Moore W, Bonvento MJ, Lee D, Dunkin J, Bhattacharji P (2015) Reduction of fetal dose in computed tomography using anterior shields. J Comput Assist Tomogr 39:298–300PubMedCrossRef
39.
Masselli G, Derchi L, McHugo J, Rockall A, Vock P, Weston M, Spencer J, Subcommittee EFPI (2013) Acute abdominal and pelvic pain in pregnancy: ESUR recommendations. Eur Radiol 23:3485–3500PubMedCrossRef
40.
Katz DS, Khalid M, Coronel EE, Mazzie JP (2013) Computed tomography imaging of the acute pelvis in females. Can Assoc Radiol J 64:108–118PubMedCrossRef
41.
Karamat MI (2015) Strategies and scientific basis of dose reduction on state-of-the-art multirow detector X-Ray CT systems. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 43:33–59PubMedCrossRef
42.
Furey EA, Bailey AA, Pedrosa I (2014) Magnetic resonance imaging of acute abdominal and pelvic pain in pregnancy. Top Magn Reson Imaging 23:225–242PubMedCrossRef
43.
Karul M, Berliner C, Keller S, Tsui TY, Yamamura J (2014) Imaging of appendicitis in adults. Rofo 186:551–558PubMedCrossRef
44.
Fonseca AL, Schuster KM, Kaplan LJ, Maung AA, Lui FY, Davis KA (2014) The use of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of suspected appendicitis in pregnancy: shortened length of stay without increase in hospital charges. JAMA Surg 149:687–693PubMedCrossRef
45.
Birchard KR, Brown MA, Hyslop WB, Firat Z, Semelka RC (2005) MRI of acute abdominal and pelvic pain in pregnant patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184:452–458PubMedCrossRef
46.
47.
Brown MA, Birchard KR, Semelka RC (2005) Magnetic resonance evaluation of pregnant patients with acute abdominal pain. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 26:206–211PubMedCrossRef
48.
Patel SJ, Reede DL, Katz DS, Subramaniam R, Amorosa JK (2007) Imaging the pregnant patient for nonobstetric conditions: algorithms and radiation dose considerations. Radiographics 27:1705–1722PubMedCrossRef
49.
De Wilde JP, Rivers AW, Price DL (2005) A review of the current use of magnetic resonance imaging in pregnancy and safety implications for the fetus. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 87:335–353PubMedCrossRef
50.
Nagayama M, Watanabe Y, Okumura A, Amoh Y, Nakashita S, Dodo Y (2002) Fast MR imaging in obstetrics. Radiographics 22:563–580 discussion 580–562 PubMedCrossRef
51.
Leyendecker JR, Gorengaut V, Brown JJ (2004) MR imaging of maternal diseases of the abdomen and pelvis during pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period. Radiographics 24:1301–1316PubMedCrossRef
52.
McKenna DA, Meehan CP, Alhajeri AN, Regan MC, O’Keeffe DP (2007) The use of MRI to demonstrate small bowel obstruction during pregnancy. Br J Radiol 80:e11–e14PubMedCrossRef
53.
Expert Panel on MRS, Kanal E, Barkovich AJ, Bell C, Borgstede JP, Bradley WG, Froelich JW, Gimbel JR, Gosbee JW, Kuhni-Kaminski E, Larson PA, Lester JW, Nyenhuis J, Schaefer DJ, Sebek EA, Weinreb J, Wilkoff BL, Woods TO, Lucey L, Hernandez D (2013) ACR guidance document on MR safe practices: 2013. J Magn Reson Imaging 37:501–530CrossRef
54.
Ditkofsky NG, Singh A (2015) Challenges in magnetic resonance imaging for suspected acute appendicitis in pregnant patients. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 44:297–302PubMedCrossRef
55.
Burke LM, Bashir MR, Miller FH, Siegelman ES, Brown M, Alobaidy M, Jaffe TA, Hussain SM, Palmer SL, Garon BL, Oto A, Reinhold C, Ascher SM, Demulder DK, Thomas S, Best S, Borer J, Zhao K, Pinel-Giroux F, De Oliveira I, Resende D, Semelka RC (2015) Magnetic resonance imaging of acute appendicitis in pregnancy: a 5-year multiinstitutional study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 213(693):e691–e696
56.
Lubarsky M, Kalb B, Sharma P, Keim SM, Martin DR (2013) MR imaging for acute nontraumatic abdominopelvic pain: rationale and practical considerations. Radiographics 33:313–337PubMedCrossRef
57.
Baron KT, Arleo EK, Robinson C, Sanelli PC (2012) Comparing the diagnostic performance of MRI versus CT in the evaluation of acute nontraumatic abdominal pain during pregnancy. Emerg Radiol 19:519–525PubMedCrossRef
58.
Unal A, Sayharman SE, Ozel L, Unal E, Aka N, Titiz I, Kose G (2011) Acute abdomen in pregnancy requiring surgical management: a 20-case series. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 159:87–90PubMedCrossRef
59.
60.
Schaefer C, Meister R, Wentzeck R, Weber-Schoendorfer C (2009) Fetal outcome after technetium scintigraphy in early pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 28:161–166PubMedCrossRef
61.
Karthikesalingam AMS, Weerakkody R, Walsh SR, Carroll N, Praseedom RK (2009) Radiation exposure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy with routine intraoperative cholangiography. Surg Endosc 23:1845–1848PubMedCrossRef
62.
63.
Akcakaya A, Koc B, Adas G, Kemik O (2014) The use of ERCP during pregnancy: is it safe and effective? Hepatogastroenterology 61:296–298PubMed
64.
Jorgensen JE, Rubenstein JH, Goodsitt MM, Elta GH (2010) Radiation doses to ERCP patients are significantly lower with experienced endoscopists. Gastrointest Endosc 72:58–65PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
65.
Andriulli A, Loperfido S, Napolitano G, Niro G, Valvano MR, Spirito F, Pilotto A, Forlano R (2007) Incidence rates of post-ERCP complications: a systematic survey of prospective studies. Am J Gastroenterol 102:1781–1788PubMedCrossRef
66.
Qureshi WA, Rajan E, Adler DG, Davila RE, Hirota WK, Jacobson BC, Leighton JA, Zuckerman MJ, Hambrick RD, Fanelli RD, Baron T, Faigel DO (2005) ASGE guideline: guidelines for endoscopy in pregnant and lactating women. Gastrointest Endosc 61:357–362PubMedCrossRef
67.
Quan WL, Chia CK, Yim HB (2006) Safety of endoscopical procedures during pregnancy. Singapore Med J 47:525–528PubMed
68.
Tang SJ, Mayo MJ, Rodriguez-Frias E, Armstrong L, Tang L, Sreenarasimhaiah J, Lara LF, Rockey DC (2009) Safety and utility of ERCP during pregnancy. Gastrointest Endosc 69:453–461PubMedCrossRef
69.
70.
Sethi S, Thosani N, Banerjee S (2015) Radiation-free ERCP in pregnancy: a “sound” approach to leaving no stone unturned. Dig Dis Sci 60:2604–2607PubMedCrossRef
71.
Wu W, Faigel DO, Sun G, Yang Y (2014) Non-radiation endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the management of choledocholithiasis during pregnancy. Dig Endosc 26:691–700PubMedCrossRef
72.
Bouyou J, Gaujoux S, Marcellin L, Leconte M, Goffinet F, Chapron C, Dousset B (2015) Abdominal emergencies during pregnancy. J Visc Surg 152:S105–S115PubMedCrossRef
73.
Aggenbach L, Zeeman GG, Cantineau AE, Gordijn SJ, Hofker HS (2015) Impact of appendicitis during pregnancy: no delay in accurate diagnosis and treatment. Int J Surg 15:84–89PubMedCrossRef
74.
Cheng HT, Wang YC, Lo HC, Su LT, Soh KS, Tzeng CW, Wu SC, Sung FC, Hsieh CH (2015) Laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy in pregnancy: a population-based analysis of maternal outcome. Surg Endosc 29:1394–1399PubMedCrossRef
75.
Andreoli M, Servakov M, Meyers P, Mann WJ Jr (1999) Laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 6:229–233PubMedCrossRef
76.
Shay DC, Bhavani-Shankar K, Datta S (2001) Laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy. Anesthesiol Clin North America 19:57–67PubMedCrossRef
77.
Curet MJ, Allen D, Josloff RK, Pitcher DE, Curet LB, Miscall BG, Zucker KA (1996) Laparoscopy during pregnancy. Arch Surg 131:546–550 discussion 550–541 PubMedCrossRef
78.
Oelsner G, Stockheim D, Soriano D, Goldenberg M, Seidman DS, Cohen SB, Admon D, Novikov I, Maschiach S, Carp HJ, Anderman S, Ben-Ami M, Ben-Arie A, Hagay Z, Bustan M, Shalev E, Carp H, Gemer O, Golan A, Holzinger M, Beyth Y, Horowitz A, Hamani Y, Keis M, Lavie O, Luxman D, Oelsner G, Stockheim D, Rojansky N, Taichner G, Yafe C, Zohar S, Bilanca B (2003) Pregnancy outcome after laparoscopy or laparotomy in pregnancy. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 10:200–204PubMedCrossRef
79.
Reedy MB, Galan HL, Richards WE, Preece CK, Wetter PA, Kuehl TJ (1997) Laparoscopy during pregnancy. A survey of laparoendoscopic surgeons. J Reprod Med 42:33–38PubMed
80.
Oelsner G, Stockheim D, Soriano D, Goldenberg M, Seidman DS, Cohen SB, Admon D, Novikov I, Maschiach S, Carp HJ, Anderman S, Ben-Ami M, Ben-Arie A, Hagay Z, Bustan M, Shalev E, Carp H, Gemer O, Golan A, Holzinger M, Beyth Y, Horowitz A, Hamani Y, Keis M, Lavie O, Luxman D, Rojansky N, Taichner G, Yafe C, Zohar S, Bilanca B (2003) Pregnancy outcome after laparoscopy or laparotomy in pregnancy. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 10:200–204PubMedCrossRef
81.
Pucci RO, Seed RW (1991) Case report of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the third trimester of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 165:401–402PubMedCrossRef
82.
Weber AM, Bloom GP, Allan TR, Curry SL (1991) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 78:958–959PubMed
83.
Williams JK, Rosemurgy AS, Albrink MH, Parsons MT, Stock S (1995) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pregnancy. A case report. J Reprod Med 40:243–245PubMed
84.
Arvidsson D, Gerdin E (1991) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1:193–194PubMed
85.
Costantino GN, Vincent GJ, Mukalian GG, Kliefoth WL Jr (1994) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pregnancy. J Laparoendosc Surg 4:161–164PubMedCrossRef
86.
Soriano D, Yefet Y, Seidman DS, Goldenberg M, Mashiach S, Oelsner G (1999) Laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the management of adnexal masses during pregnancy. Fertil Steril 71:955–960PubMedCrossRef
87.
McKellar DP, Anderson CT, Boynton CJ, Peoples JB (1992) Cholecystectomy during pregnancy without fetal loss. Surg Gynecol Obstet 174:465–468PubMed
88.
89.
Reedy MB, Kallen B, Kuehl TJ (1997) Laparoscopy during pregnancy: a study of five fetal outcome parameters with use of the Swedish Health Registry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177:673–679PubMedCrossRef
90.
Glasgow RE, Visser BC, Harris HW, Patti MG, Kilpatrick SJ, Mulvihill SJ (1998) Changing management of gallstone disease during pregnancy. Surg Endosc 12:241–246PubMedCrossRef
91.
Affleck DG, Handrahan DL, Egger MJ, Price RR (1999) The laparoscopic management of appendicitis and cholelithiasis during pregnancy. Am J Surg 178:523–529PubMedCrossRef
92.
Barone JE, Bears S, Chen S, Tsai J, Russell JC (1999) Outcome study of cholecystectomy during pregnancy. Am J Surg 177:232–236PubMedCrossRef
93.
Rollins MD, Chan KJ, Price RR (2003) Laparoscopy for appendicitis and cholelithiasis during pregnancy: a new standard of care. Surg Endosc 18:237–241PubMedCrossRef
94.
Weiner E, Mizrachi Y, Keidar R, Kerner R, Golan A, Sagiv R (2015) Laparoscopic surgery performed in advanced pregnancy compared to early pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 292:1063–1068PubMedCrossRef
95.
Geisler JP, Rose SL, Mernitz CS, Warner JL, Hiett AK (1998) Non-gynecologic laparoscopy in second and third trimester pregnancy: obstetric implications. JSLS 2:235–238PubMedPubMedCentral
96.
Davis A, Katz VL, Cox R (1995) Gallbladder disease in pregnancy. J Reprod Med 40:759–762PubMed
97.
Muench J, Albrink M, Serafini F, Rosemurgy A, Carey L, Murr MM (2001) Delay in treatment of biliary disease during pregnancy increases morbidity and can be avoided with safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 67:539–542 discussion 542–533 PubMed
98.
Visser BC, Glasgow RE, Mulvihill KK, Mulvihill SJ (2001) Safety and timing of nonobstetric abdominal surgery in pregnancy. Dig Surg 18:409–417PubMedCrossRef
99.
Elkayam UGN (1982) Cardiovascular physiology of pregnancy. Alan R Liss, New York
100.
Clark SL, Cotton DB, Pivarnik JM, Lee W, Hankins GD, Benedetti TJ, Phelan JP (1991) Position change and central hemodynamic profile during normal third-trimester pregnancy and post partum. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164:883–887PubMedCrossRef
101.
Gordon MC (2002) Maternal physiology in pregnancy. In: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL (eds) Obstetrics: normal and problem pregnancies. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, pp 63–91
102.
Friedman JD, Ramsey PS, Ramin KD, Berry C (2002) Pneumoamnion and pregnancy loss after second-trimester laparoscopic surgery. Obstet Gynecol 99:512–513PubMed
103.
Halpern NB (1998) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pregnancy: a review of published experiences and clinical considerations. Semin Laparosc Surg 5:129–134PubMed
104.
Canis M, Rabischong B, Houlle C, Botchorishvili R, Jardon K, Safi A, Wattiez A, Mage G, Pouly JL, Bruhat MA (2002) Laparoscopic management of adnexal masses: a gold standard? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14:423–428PubMedCrossRef
105.
Malangoni MA (2003) Gastrointestinal surgery and pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 32:181–200PubMedCrossRef
106.
Huang KG, Chua AA, Lee CL (2014) Surgical trocar insertion among pregnant patients. Int J Gynecol Cancer 24:965–966PubMedCrossRef
107.
108.
Wang CJ, Yen CF, Lee CL, Soong YK (2002) Minilaparoscopic cystectomy and appendectomy in late second trimester. JSLS 6:373–375PubMedPubMedCentral
109.
Hume RF, Killiam AP (1990) Maternal Physiology. In: Scott JB, KiSaia J, Hammon DB (eds) Obstetrics and gynecology. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 93–100
110.
SAGES (1998) Guidelines for laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy. Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES). Surg Endosc 12:189–190CrossRef
111.
Hunter JG, Swanstrom L, Thornburg K (1995) Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum induces fetal acidosis in a pregnant ewe model. Surg Endosc 9:272–277 discussion 277–279 PubMed
112.
Reedy MB, Galan HL, Bean-Lijewski JD, Carnes A, Knight AB, Kuehl TJ (1995) Maternal and fetal effects of laparoscopic insufflation in the gravid baboon. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2:399–406PubMedCrossRef
113.
Curet MJ, Vogt DA, Schob O, Qualls C, Izquierdo LA, Zucker KA (1996) Effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum in pregnant ewes. J Surg Res 63:339–344PubMedCrossRef
114.
Barnard JM, Chaffin D, Droste S, Tierney A, Phernetton T (1995) Fetal response to carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in the pregnant ewe. Obstet Gynecol 85:669–674PubMedCrossRef
115.
Cruz AM, Southerland LC, Duke T, Townsend HG, Ferguson JG, Crone LA (1996) Intraabdominal carbon dioxide insufflation in the pregnant ewe. Uterine blood flow, intraamniotic pressure, and cardiopulmonary effects. Anesthesiology 85:1395–1402PubMedCrossRef
116.
Soper NJ, Hunter JG, Petrie RH (1992) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy. Surg Endosc 6:115–117PubMedCrossRef
117.
Comitalo JB, Lynch D (1994) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the pregnant patient. Surg Laparosc Endosc 4:268–271PubMed
118.
Bhavani-Shankar K, Steinbrook RA, Brooks DC, Datta S (2000) Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure difference during laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy. Anesthesiology 93:370–373PubMedCrossRef
119.
Melnick DM, Wahl WL, Dalton VK (2004) Management of general surgical problems in the pregnant patient. Am J Surg 187:170–180PubMedCrossRef
120.
Jorgensen JO, Lalak NJ, North L, Hanel K, Hunt DR, Morris DL (1994) Venous stasis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 4:128–133PubMed
121.
Risk O (1992) Risk of and prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in hospital patients. Thromboembolic risk factors (THRIFT) consensus group. BMJ 305:567–574CrossRef
122.
Casele HL (2006) The use of unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 49:895–905PubMedCrossRef
123.
Hiatt JR, Hiatt JC, Williams RA, Klein SR (1986) Biliary disease in pregnancy: strategy for surgical management. Am J Surg 151:263–265PubMedCrossRef
124.
Ghumman E, Barry M, Grace PA (1997) Management of gallstones in pregnancy. Br J Surg 84:1646–1650PubMedCrossRef
125.
Chamogeorgakis T, Lo Menzo E, Smink RD Jr, Feuerstein B, Fantazzio M, Kaufman J, Brennan EJ, Russell R (1999) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy: three case reports. JSLS 3:67–69PubMedPubMedCentral
126.
Jelin EB, Smink DS, Vernon AH, Brooks DC (2008) Management of biliary tract disease during pregnancy: a decision analysis. Surg Endosc 22:54–60PubMedCrossRef
127.
Graham G, Baxi L, Tharakan T (1998) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy: a case series and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv 53:566–574PubMedCrossRef
128.
Steinbrook RA, Brooks DC, Datta S (1996) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy. Review of anesthetic management, surgical considerations. Surg Endosc 10:511–515PubMedCrossRef
129.
Date RS, Kaushal M, Ramesh A (2008) A review of the management of gallstone disease and its complications in pregnancy. Am J Surg 196:599–608PubMedCrossRef
130.
Jorge AM, Keswani RN, Veerappan A, Soper NJ, Gawron AJ (2015) Non-operative management of symptomatic cholelithiasis in pregnancy is associated with frequent hospitalizations. J Gastrointest Surg 19:598–603PubMedCrossRef
131.
Ko CW (2006) Risk factors for gallstone-related hospitalization during pregnancy and the postpartum. Am J Gastroenterol 101:2263–2268PubMedCrossRef
132.
Scott LD (1992) Gallstone disease and pancreatitis in pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 21:803–815PubMed
133.
Printen KJ, Ott RA (1978) Cholecystectomy during pregnancy. Am Surg 44:432–434PubMed
134.
Othman MO, Stone E, Hashimi M, Parasher G (2012) Conservative management of cholelithiasis and its complications in pregnancy is associated with recurrent symptoms and more emergency department visits. Gastrointest Endosc 76:564–569PubMedCrossRef
135.
Veerappan A, Gawron AJ, Soper NJ, Keswani RN (2013) Delaying cholecystectomy for complicated gallstone disease in pregnancy is associated with recurrent postpartum symptoms. J Gastrointest Surg 17:1953–1959PubMedCrossRef
136.
Zhou Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Guo Y, Lu W, Li J, Li Z (2013) ERCP in acute cholangitis during third trimester of pregnancy. Hepatogastroenterology 60:981–984PubMed
137.
Park ET (2015) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography during pregnancy: really guarantee to safety? Gut Liver 9:569–570PubMedPubMedCentral
138.
DeVore GR (1980) Acute abdominal pain in the pregnant patient due to pancreatitis, acute appendicitis, cholecystitis, or peptic ulcer disease. Clin Perinatol 7:349–369PubMed
139.
140.
Kimura Y, Takada T, Kawarada Y, Nimura Y, Hirata K, Sekimoto M, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Wada K, Miura F, Yasuda H, Yamashita Y, Nagino M, Hirota M, Tanaka A, Tsuyuguchi T, Strasberg SM, Gadacz TR (2007) Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 14:15–26PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
141.
Tuech JJ, Binelli C, Aube C, Pessaux P, Fauvet R, Descamps P, Arnaud JP (2000) Management of choledocholithiasis during pregnancy by magnetic resonance cholangiography and laparoscopic common bile duct stone extraction. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10:323–325PubMedCrossRef
142.
Baillie J, Cairns SR, Putman WS, Cotton PB (1990) Endoscopic management of choledocholithiasis during pregnancy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 171:1–4PubMed
143.
Sungler P, Heinerman PM, Steiner H, Waclawiczek HW, Holzinger J, Mayer F, Heuberger A, Boeckl O (2000) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and interventional endoscopy for gallstone complications during pregnancy. Surg Endosc 14:267–271PubMedCrossRef
144.
Cosenza CA, Saffari B, Jabbour N, Stain SC, Garry D, Parekh D, Selby RR (1999) Surgical management of biliary gallstone disease during pregnancy. Am J Surg 178:545–548PubMedCrossRef
145.
Barthel JS, Chowdhury T, Miedema BW (1998) Endoscopic sphincterotomy for the treatment of gallstone pancreatitis during pregnancy. Surg Endosc 12:394–399PubMedCrossRef
146.
Scapa E (1995) To do or not to do an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in acute biliary pancreatitis? Surg Laparosc Endosc 5:453–454PubMed
147.
Andreoli M, Sayegh SK, Hoefer R, Matthews G, Mann WJ (1996) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for recurrent gallstone pancreatitis during pregnancy. South Med J 89:1114–1115PubMedCrossRef
148.
Fine S, Beirne J, Delgi-Esposti S, Habr F (2014) Continued evidence for safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography during pregnancy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 6:352–358PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
149.
Agcaoglu O, Ozcinar B, Gok AF, Yanar F, Yanar H, Ertekin C, Gunay K (2013) ERCP without radiation during pregnancy in the minimal invasive world. Arch Gynecol Obstet 288:1275–1278PubMedCrossRef
150.
Committee ASoP, Maple JT, Ikenberry SO, Anderson MA, Appalaneni V, Decker GA, Early D, Evans JA, Fanelli RD, Fisher D, Fisher L, Fukami N, Hwang JH, Jain R, Jue T, Khan K, Krinsky ML, Malpas P, Ben-Menachem T, Sharaf RN, Dominitz JA (2011) The role of endoscopy in the management of choledocholithiasis. Gastrointest Endosc 74:731–744CrossRef
151.
Korndorffer JR Jr, Fellinger E, Reed W (2010) SAGES guideline for laparoscopic appendectomy. Surg Endosc 24:757–761PubMedCrossRef
152.
Cox TC, Huntington CR, Blair LJ, Prasad T, Lincourt AE, Augenstein VA, Heniford BT (2015) Laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy versus open: a study in 1999 pregnant patients. Surg Endosc 30:593–602PubMedCrossRef
153.
Schwartzberg BS, Conyers JA, Moore JA (1997) First trimester of pregnancy laparoscopic procedures. Surg Endosc 11:1216–1217PubMedCrossRef
154.
Thomas SJ, Brisson P (1998) Laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy during pregnancy: six case reports. JSLS 2:41–46PubMedPubMedCentral
155.
Barnes SL, Shane MD, Schoemann MB, Bernard AC, Boulanger BR (2004) Laparoscopic appendectomy after 30 weeks pregnancy: report of two cases and description of technique. Am Surg 70:733–736PubMed
156.
de Perrot M, Jenny A, Morales M, Kohlik M, Morel P (2000) Laparoscopic appendectomy during pregnancy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10:368–371PubMedCrossRef
157.
158.
Sadot E, Telem DA, Arora M, Butala P, Nguyen SQ, Divino CM (2010) Laparoscopy: a safe approach to appendicitis during pregnancy. Surg Endosc 24:383–389PubMedCrossRef
159.
Lemieux P, Rheaume P, Levesque I, Bujold E, Brochu G (2009) Laparoscopic appendectomy in pregnant patients: a review of 45 cases. Surg Endosc 23:1701–1705PubMedCrossRef
160.
Abbasi N, Patenaude V, Abenhaim HA (2014) Management and outcomes of acute appendicitis in pregnancy-population-based study of over 7000 cases. BJOG 121:1509–1514PubMedCrossRef
161.
Rapp EJ, Naim F, Kadivar K, Davarpanah A, Cornfeld D (2013) Integrating MR imaging into the clinical workup of pregnant patients suspected of having appendicitis is associated with a lower negative laparotomy rate: single-institution study. Radiology 267:137–144PubMedCrossRef
162.
Shalhav AL, Landman J, Afane J, Levi R, Clayman RV (2000) Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for primary hyperaldosteronism during pregnancy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 10:169–171PubMedCrossRef
163.
Finkenstedt G, Gasser RW, Hofle G, Lhotta K, Kolle D, Gschwendtner A, Janetschek G (1999) Pheochromocytoma and sub-clinical Cushing’s syndrome during pregnancy: diagnosis, medical pre-treatment and cure by laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy. J Endocrinol Invest 22:551–557PubMedCrossRef
164.
Aishima M, Tanaka M, Haraoka M, Naito S (2000) Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy in a pregnant woman with Cushing’s syndrome. J Urol 164:770–771PubMedCrossRef
165.
Lo CY, Lo CM, Lam KY (2002) Cushing’s syndrome secondary to adrenal adenoma during pregnancy. Surg Endosc 16:219–220PubMedCrossRef
166.
Aslzare M, Alipour M, Taghavi M, Ghoreifi A (2014) Bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy in a pregnant woman with Cushing’s syndrome. Urol J 11:1911–1913PubMed
167.
Janetschek G, Finkenstedt G, Gasser R, Waibel UG, Peschel R, Bartsch G, Neumann HP (1998) Laparoscopic surgery for pheochromocytoma: adrenalectomy, partial resection, excision of paragangliomas. J Urol 160:330–334PubMedCrossRef
168.
Demeure MJ, Carlsen B, Traul D, Budney C, Lalande B, Lipinski A, Cruikshank D, Kotchen T, Wilson S (1998) Laparoscopic removal of a right adrenal pheochromocytoma in a pregnant woman. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 8:315–319PubMedCrossRef
169.
Pace DE, Chiasson PM, Schlachta CM, Mamazza J, Cadeddu MO, Poulin EC (2002) Minimally invasive adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma during pregnancy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 12:122–125PubMedCrossRef
170.
Gagner M, Breton G, Pharand D, Pomp A (1996) Is laparoscopic adrenalectomy indicated for pheochromocytomas? Surgery 120:1076–1079 discussion 1079–1080 PubMedCrossRef
171.
Wolf A, Goretzki PE, Rohrborn A, Feldkamp J, Simon D, Scherbaum WA, Roher HD (2004) Pheochromocytoma during pregnancy: laparoscopic and conventional surgical treatment of two cases. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 112:98–101PubMedCrossRef
172.
Kim PT, Kreisman SH, Vaughn R, Panton ON (2006) Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma in pregnancy. Can J Surg 49:62–63PubMedPubMedCentral
173.
Zuluaga-Gomez A, Arrabal-Polo MA, Arrabal-Martin M, Lahoz-Garcia C, Escobar-Jimenez F, Torres-Vela E, Saz T (2012) Management of pheochromocytoma during pregnancy: laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Am Surg 78:E156–E158PubMed
174.
Griffiths J, Sia W, Shapiro AM, Tataryn I, Turner AR (2005) Laparoscopic splenectomy for the treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 27:771–774PubMedCrossRef
175.
Majesky I, Daniel I, Stefanikova Z, Skultety J, Koudelka P, Hutan M (2013) Laparoscopic splenectomy in pregnancy—from contraindication to golden standard. Bratisl Lek Listy 114:484–487PubMed
176.
Samame J, Kaul A, Garza U, Echeverria A, Galvani C (2013) Laparoscopic aneurysm resection and splenectomy for splenic artery aneurysm in the third trimester of pregnancy. Surg Endosc 27:2988–2991PubMedCrossRef
177.
Hardwick RH, Slade RR, Smith PA, Thompson MH (1999) Laparoscopic splenectomy in pregnancy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 9:439–440PubMedCrossRef
178.
Allran CF Jr, Weiss CA 3rd, Park AE (2002) Urgent laparoscopic splenectomy in a morbidly obese pregnant woman: case report and literature review. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 12:445–447PubMedCrossRef
179.
Iwase K, Higaki J, Yoon HE, Mikata S, Tanaka Y, Takahashi T, Hatanaka K, Tamaki T, Hori S, Mitsuda N, Kamiike W (2001) Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura during pregnancy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 11:53–56PubMed
180.
Anglin BV, Rutherford C, Ramus R, Lieser M, Jones DB (2001) Immune thrombocytopenic purpura during pregnancy: laparoscopic treatment. JSLS 5:63–67PubMedPubMedCentral
181.
O’Connor JP, Biyani CS, Taylor J, Agarwal V, Curley PJ, Browning AJ (2004) Laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal-cell carcinoma during pregnancy. J Endourol 18:871–874PubMedCrossRef
182.
Sainsbury DC, Dorkin TJ, MacPhail S, Soomro NA (2004) Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in first-trimester pregnancy. Urology 64(1231):e1237–e1238
183.
Akin Y, Ciftci H, Karahan MA, Incebiyik A (2015) Laparoscopic retroperitoneal radical nephrectomy in a pregnant woman with retrocaval artery. Int Urol Nephrol 47:469–471PubMedCrossRef
184.
Domjan Z, Holman E, Bordas N, Dakay AS, Bahrehmand K, Buzogany I (2014) Hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in pregnancy. Int Urol Nephrol 46:1757–1760PubMedCrossRef
185.
Yin L, Zhang D, Teng J, Xu D (2013) Retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy. Urol Int 90:487–489PubMedCrossRef
186.
Arvind NK, Singh O, Gupta SS, Sahay S, Ali K, Dharaskar A (2011) Laparoscopic nephrectomy for pyonephrosis during pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. Rev Urol 13:98–103PubMedPubMedCentral
187.
Bozzo M, Buscaglia M, Ferrazzi E (1997) The management of persistent adnexal masses in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177:981–982PubMedCrossRef
188.
Webb KE, Sakhel K, Chauhan SP, Abuhamad AZ (2015) Adnexal mass during pregnancy: a review. Am J Perinatol 32:1010–1016PubMedCrossRef
189.
Sisodia RM, Del Carmen MG, Boruta DM (2015) Role of minimally invasive surgery in the management of adnexal masses. Clin Obstet Gynecol 58:66–75PubMedCrossRef
190.
191.
Grimes WH Jr, Bartholomew RA, Colvin ED, Fish JS, Lester WM (1954) Ovarian cyst complicating pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 68:594–605PubMedCrossRef
192.
Sherard GB, Hodson CA, Williams HJ, Semer DA, Hadi HA, Tait DL (2003) Adnexal masses and pregnancy: a 12-year experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:358–362 discussion 362–353 PubMedCrossRef
193.
Hess LW, Peaceman A, O’Brien WF, Winkel CA, Cruikshank DP, Morrison JC (1988) Adnexal mass occurring with intrauterine pregnancy: report of fifty-four patients requiring laparotomy for definitive management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 158:1029–1034PubMedCrossRef
194.
Schmeler KM, Mayo-Smith WW, Peipert JF, Weitzen S, Manuel MD, Gordinier ME (2005) Adnexal masses in pregnancy: surgery compared with observation. Obstet Gynecol 105:1098–1103PubMedCrossRef
195.
Zanetta G, Mariani E, Lissoni A, Ceruti P, Trio D, Strobelt N, Mariani S (2003) A prospective study of the role of ultrasound in the management of adnexal masses in pregnancy. BJOG 110:578–583PubMedCrossRef
196.
Condous G, Khalid A, Okaro E, Bourne T (2004) Should we be examining the ovaries in pregnancy? Prevalence and natural history of adnexal pathology detected at first-trimester sonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 24:62–66PubMedCrossRef
197.
ACOG (2007) ACOG practice bulletin. Management of adnexal masses. Obstet Gynecol 110:201–214CrossRef
198.
Goh W, Bohrer J, Zalud I (2014) Management of the adnexal mass in pregnancy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 26:49–53PubMedCrossRef
199.
Parker J, Watkins W, Robinson H, Byrne D (1995) Laparoscopic adnexal surgery during pregnancy: a case of heterotopic tubal pregnancy treated by laparoscopic salpingectomy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 35:208–210PubMedCrossRef
200.
Moore RD, Smith WG (1999) Laparoscopic management of adnexal masses in pregnant women. J Reprod Med 44:97–100PubMed
201.
Lin YH, Hwang JL, Huang LW, Seow KM (2003) Successful laparoscopic management of a huge ovarian tumor in the 27th week of pregnancy. A case report. J Reprod Med 48:834–836PubMed
202.
Mathevet P, Nessah K, Dargent D, Mellier G (2003) Laparoscopic management of adnexal masses in pregnancy: a case series. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 108:217–222PubMedCrossRef
203.
Scheib SA, Jones HH, Boruta DM, Simpson K, Bedaiwy M, Grumbine FC, Fader AN (2013) Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for management of adnexal masses in pregnancy: case series. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 20:701–707PubMedCrossRef
204.
Lee JH, Lee JR, Jee BC, Suh CS, Kim SH (2013) Safety and feasibility of a single-port laparoscopic adnexal surgery during pregnancy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 20:864–870PubMedCrossRef
205.
Dursun P, Gulumser C, Caglar M, Araz C, Zeyneloglu H, Haberal A (2013) Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for acute adnexal pathology during pregnancy: preliminary experience. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 26:1282–1286PubMedCrossRef
206.
De Santis M, Licameli A, Spagnuolo T, Scambia G (2013) Laparoscopic management of a large, twisted, ovarian dermoid cyst during pregnancy: a case report. J Reprod Med 58:271–276PubMed
207.
208.
209.
Takeda A, Hayashi S, Imoto S, Sugiyama C, Nakamura H (2014) Pregnancy outcomes after emergent laparoscopic surgery for acute adnexal disorders at less than 10 weeks of gestation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 40:1281–1287PubMedCrossRef
210.
Mage G, Canis M, Manhes H, Pouly JL, Bruhat MA (1989) Laparoscopic management of adnexal torsion. A review of 35 cases. J Reprod Med 34:520–524PubMed
211.
Garzarelli S, Mazzuca N (1994) One laparoscopic puncture for treatment of ovarian cysts with adnexal torsion in early pregnancy. A report of two cases. J Reprod Med 39:985–986PubMed
212.
Morice P, Louis-Sylvestre C, Chapron C, Dubuisson JB (1997) Laparoscopy for adnexal torsion in pregnant women. J Reprod Med 42:435–439PubMed
213.
Abu-Musa A, Nassar A, Usta I, Khalil A, Hussein M (2001) Laparoscopic unwinding and cystectomy of twisted dermoid cyst during second trimester of pregnancy. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8:456–460PubMedCrossRef
214.
Bassil S, Steinhart U, Donnez J (1999) Successful laparoscopic management of adnexal torsion during week 25 of a twin pregnancy. Hum Reprod 14:855–857PubMedCrossRef
215.
Argenta PA, Yeagley TJ, Ott G, Sondheimer SJ (2000) Torsion of the uterine adnexa. Pathologic correlations and current management trends. J Reprod Med 45:831–836PubMed
216.
Tarraza HM, Moore RD (1997) Gynecologic causes of the acute abdomen and the acute abdomen in pregnancy. Surg Clin North Am 77:1371–1394PubMedCrossRef
217.
Oelsner G, Bider D, Goldenberg M, Admon D, Mashiach S (1993) Long-term follow-up of the twisted ischemic adnexa managed by detorsion. Fertil Steril 60:976–979PubMedCrossRef
218.
Cappell MS, Friedel D (2003) Abdominal pain during pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 32:1–58PubMedCrossRef
219.
Practice ACoO (2011) ACOG Committee Opinion No. 474: nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 117:420–421CrossRef
220.
Morgan MA, Goldenberg RL, Schulkin J (2008) Obstetrician-gynecologists’ practices regarding preterm birth at the limit of viability. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 21:115–121PubMedCrossRef
221.
Weissmann-Brenner A, Haiman S, Ayala MM, Gindes L, Achiron R, Sivan E, Barzilay E (2015) Maternal medical compromise during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 28:1202–1207PubMedCrossRef
222.
223.
Berkman ND, Thorp JM Jr, Lohr KN, Carey TS, Hartmann KE, Gavin NI, Hasselblad V, Idicula AE (2003) Tocolytic treatment for the management of preterm labor: a review of the evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:1648–1659PubMedCrossRef
224.
Tan TC, Devendra K, Tan LK, Tan HK (2006) Tocolytic treatment for the management of preterm labour: a systematic review. Singapore Med J 47:361–366PubMed
225.
Romero R, Sibai BM, Sanchez-Ramos L, Valenzuela GJ, Veille JC, Tabor B, Perry KG, Varner M, Goodwin TM, Lane R, Smith J, Shangold G, Creasy GW (2000) An oxytocin receptor antagonist (atosiban) in the treatment of preterm labor: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with tocolytic rescue. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182:1173–1183PubMedCrossRef
226.
Illanes SE, Perez-Sepulveda A, Rice GE, Mitchell MD (2014) Preterm labour: association between labour physiology, tocolysis and prevention. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 23:759–771PubMedCrossRef
227.
Ehsanipoor RM, Shrivastava VK, Lee RM, Chan K, Galyean AM, Garite TJ, Rumney PJ, Wing DA (2011) A randomized, double-masked trial of prophylactic indomethacin tocolysis versus placebo in women with premature rupture of membranes. Am J Perinatol 28:473–478PubMedCrossRef
228.
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE et al (2008) GRADE working group. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 336:924–926PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadata
Title
SAGES guidelines for the use of laparoscopy during pregnancy
Authors
Jonathan P. Pearl
Raymond R. Price
Allison E. Tonkin
William S. Richardson
Dimitrios Stefanidis
Publication date
01-10-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Surgical Endoscopy / Issue 10/2017
Print ISSN: 0930-2794
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-017-5637-3

Other articles of this Issue 10/2017

Surgical Endoscopy 10/2017 Go to the issue

Endoluminal Surgery

Sleeve gastrectomy revision by endoluminal sleeve plication gastroplasty: a small pilot case series

OriginalPaper

The optimal treatment of patients with mild and moderate acute cholecystitis: time for a revision of the Tokyo Guidelines

OriginalPaper

Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with double tract reconstruction is superior to laparoscopic total gastrectomy for proximal early gastric cancer

New Technology

Laparoscopic image-based navigation for microwave ablation of liver tumors—A multi-center study

New Technology

Performance of Kymerax© precision-drive articulating surgical system compared to conventional laparoscopic instruments in a pelvitrainer model

OriginalPaper

Robotic thyroidectomy versus conventional open thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis