Top

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

Published in:

01-12-2018 | Original Article – Cancer Research

Presence and activity of HPV in primary lung cancer

Authors: Talita Helena Araujo de Oliveira, Carolina Medeiros do Amaral, Bianca de França São Marcos, Kamylla Conceição Gomes Nascimento, Ana Carine de Miranda Rios, Dafne Carolina Alves Quixabeira, Maria Tereza Cartaxo Muniz, Jacinto da Costa Silva Neto, Antonio Carlos de Freitas

Published in: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology | Issue 12/2018

Abstract

Purpose

Evaluate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in biopsies of Brazilian patients with lung cancer and also the expression of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins. HPV is widely known as an important condition for cervical cancer although evidence today shows it is associated with several other types of cancer and may also be involved in lung cancer development. However, there are some divergences regarding the presence and activity of HPV in lung carcinogenesis.

Methods

The detection of HPV was performed by PCR, followed by genotype and immunohistochemical evaluation of E6 and E7 HPV type specific, from 63 patients.

Results

HPV was found to be present in 33 of the 63 samples, and types 16 and 18 were detected with frequencies of 81% (27/33) and 19% (6/33), respectively. About the presence of the virus in different histological types of tumors, HPV was detected in squamous cell carcinoma (39.39%), followed by adenocarcinoma (33.33%) and small cell carcinoma (18.18%) and large cell carcinoma (9.1%). The presence of the E6 (antibody anti-HPV 16 and anti-HPV 18) and E7 (antibody anti-HPV 16 and anti-HPV 18) oncoproteins was detected by immunohistochemical stain technique in 28/33 samples and 25/33 samples, respectively.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the lung tumor patients have high prevalence of HPV and the virus is not only present but also active in tumor cells. Therefore, the HPV is probably playing a role in lung carcinogenesis.

Aguayo F, Castillo A, Koriyama C et al (2007) Human papillomavirus-16 is integrated in lung carcinomas: a study in Chile. Br J Cancer 97:85–91. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6603848 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Argyri E, Tsimplaki E, Marketos C et al (2017) Investigating the role of human papillomavirus in lung cancer. Papillomavirus Res 3:7–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pvr.2016.12.002 CrossRefPubMed

Baba M, Castillo A, Koriyama C et al (2010) Human papillomavirus is frequently detected in gefitinib-responsive lung adenocarcinomas. Oncol Rep 23:1085–1092PubMed

Baldez da Silva MFPT, Chagas BS, Guimares V et al (2009) HPV31 and HPV33 incidence in cervical samples from women in Recife, Brazil. Genet Mol Res 8:1437–1443. https://doi.org/10.4238/vol8-4gmr677 CrossRefPubMed

Bodaghi S, Wood LV, Roby G et al (2005) Could human papillomaviruses be spread through blood? J Clin Microbiol 43:5428–5434. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.11.5428-5434.2005 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Branica BV, Smojver-Jezek S, Juros Z et al (2010) Detection of human papillomaviruses type 16, 18 and 33 in bronchial aspirates of lung carcinoma patients by polymerase chain reaction: a study of 84 cases in Croatia. Coll Antropol 34:159–162PubMed

Bruno A, Serravalle K, Travassos AG, Lima BG de C (2014) Genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in women from the state of Bahia, Brazil. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 36:416–422CrossRefPubMed

Burk RD, Harari A, Chen Z (2013) Human papillomavirus genome variants. Virology 445:232–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.018 CrossRefPubMed

Castillo A, Aguayo F, Koriyama C et al (2006) Human papillomavirus in lung carcinomas among three Latin American countries. Oncol Rep 15:883–888. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 CrossRefPubMed

Castro J, dos S, dos Santos, Lisboa CR MM, et al (2013) Ocorrência de papilomavírus humano na cérvice uterina de mulheres da região ocidental da Amazônia Brasileira occurrence of human papillomavirus in uterine cervix of women in the western Brazilian Amazon. Acta Amaz 43:185–190CrossRef

Chagas BS, Batista MVA, Guimarães V et al (2011) New variants of E6 and E7 oncogenes of human papillomavirus type 31 identified in Northeastern Brazil. Gynecol Oncol 123:284–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.07.008 CrossRefPubMed

Chagas BS, Comar M, Gurgel APAD et al (2015) Association study between cervical lesions and single or multiple vaccine-target and non-vaccine target human papillomavirus (HPV) types in women from northeastern Brazil. PLoS One 10:3–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132570 CrossRef

Chen AC-H, Keleher A, Kedda M-A et al (2009) Human papillomavirus DNA detected in peripheral blood samples from healthy Australian male blood donors. J Med Virol 81:1792–1796. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.21592 CrossRefPubMed

Cheng Y-W, Chiou H-L, Sheu G-T et al (2001) The association of human papillomavirus 16/18 infection with lung cancer among nonsmoking Taiwanese women. Cancer Res 61:2799–2803PubMed

Chiou HL, Wu MF, Liaw YC et al (2003) The presence of human papillomavirus type 16/18 DNA in blood circulation may act as a risk marker of lung cancer in Taiwan. Cancer 97:1558–1563. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.11191 CrossRefPubMed

Clément-Duchêne C, Stock S, Xu X et al (2016) Survival among never-smokers with lung cancer in the cancer care outcomes research and surveillance study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 13:58–66. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201504-241OC CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Coissard CJ, Besson G, Polette MC et al (2005) Prevalence of human papillomaviruses in lung carcinomas: a study of 218 cases. Mod Pathol 18:1606–1609. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.3800472 CrossRefPubMed

Colombara DV, Manhart LE, Carter JJ et al (2016) Absence of an association of human polyomavirus and papillomavirus infection with lung cancer in China: a nested case–control study. BMC Cancer 16:342. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2381-3 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Coppock JD, Lee JH (2016) mTOR, metabolism, and the immune response in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell cancer. World J Otorhinolaryngol Neck Surg 2:76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjorl.2016.05.010 CrossRef

Corneanu LM, Stănculescu D, Corneanu C (2011) HPV and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions: clinicopathological study. Rom J Morphol Embryol 52:89–94PubMed

Cubie HA (2013) Diseases associated with human papillomavirus infection. Virology 445:21–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2013.06.007 CrossRefPubMed

De Roda Husman AM, Walboomers JMM, Van den Brule AJC et al (1995) The use of general primers GP5 and GP6 elongated at their 3′ ends with adjacent highly conserved sequences improves human papillomavirus detection by PCR. J Gen Virol 76:1057–1062. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-76-4-1057 CrossRefPubMed

De Freitas AC, Coimbra EC, Leitão da CGM (2014) Molecular targets of HEPV oncoproteins: potential biomarkers for cervical carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 1845:91–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.12.004 CrossRef

de Freitas AC, Gurgel AP, de Lima EGG et al (2016) Human papillomavirus and lung cancinogenesis: an overview. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 142:2415–2427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-016-2197-1 CrossRefPubMed

Dong S, Pai S, Rha S et al (2002) Detection and quantitation of human papillomavirus DNA in the plasma of patients with cervical carcinoma 1. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 11:3–6

Dubeau L, Chandler LA, Gralow JR et al (1986) Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from formalin-fixed pathology specimens. Cancer Res 46:2964–2969PubMed

Eklund C, Zhou T, Dillner J (2010) Global proficiency study of human papillomavirus genotyping. J Clin Microbiol 48:4147–4155. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00918-10 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Fei Y (2006) Different human papillomavirus 16/18 infection in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients living in Wuhan, China. Jpn J Clin Oncol 36:274–279. https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyl017 CrossRefPubMed

Fernandes JV, Meissner RV, Carvalho MG et al (2010) Prevalence of human papillomavirus in archival samples obtained from patients with cervical pre-malignant and malignant lesions from Northeast Brazil. BMC Res Notes. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-3-96 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Giuliano AR, Lazcano-Ponce E, Villa LL et al (2008) The human Papillomavirus infection in men study: human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution among men residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 17:2036–2043. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0151 CrossRef

Goto A, Li C-P, Ota S et al (2011) Human papillomavirus infection in lung and esophageal cancers: analysis of 485 Asian cases. J Med Virol 83:1383–1390. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.22150 CrossRefPubMed

Guo L, Liu S, Zhang S et al (2017) Human papillomavirus infection as a prognostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 8:34507–34515PubMedCentralPubMed

Gurgel APAD, Chagas BS, Amaral CMM, Do et al (2013) Prevalence and genetic variability in capsid l1 gene of rare human papillomaviruses (HPV) found in cervical lesions of women from North-East Brazil. Biomed Res Int. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/546354 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Hirayasu T, Iwamasa T, Kamada Y et al (1996) Human papillomavirus DNA in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. J Clin Pathol 49:810–817CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hiroshima K, Toyozaki T, Iyoda A et al (1999) Ultrastructural study of intranuclear inclusion bodies of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Ultrastruct Pathol 23:383–389CrossRefPubMed

Ho C, Yang S, Chien T et al (2005) Detection and quantitation of human papillomavirus type 16, 18 and 52 DNA in the peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients. Gynecol Oncol 99:615–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.07.004 CrossRefPubMed

Hsu N-Y, Cheng Y-W, Chan I-P et al (2009) Association between expression of human papillomavirus 16/18 E6 oncoprotein and survival in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 21:81–87. https://doi.org/10.3892/or_00000192 CrossRefPubMed

Huang Y, Wang R, Pan Y et al (2016) Clinical and genetic features of lung squamous cell cancer in never-smokers. Oncotarget 7:35979–35988. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.8745 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Iannacone MR, Gheit T, Waterboer T et al (2013) Case–control study of cutaneous human papillomavirus infection in basal cell carcinoma of the skin HHS public access. J Invest Dermatol. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2012.478 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Jain N, Singh V, Hedau S et al (2005) Infection of human papillomavirus type 18 and p53 codon 72 polymorphism in lung cancer patients from india*. Chest 128:3999–4007. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.128.6.3999 CrossRefPubMed

Juergens RA, Bratman SV, Tsao M-S et al (2017) Biology and patterns of response to EGFR-inhibition in squamous cell cancers of the lung and head and neck. Cancer Treat Rev 54:43–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.01.003 CrossRefPubMed

Kashima H, Leventhal B, Mounts P et al (1993) Sites of predilection in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 102:580–583. https://doi.org/10.1177/000348949310200802 CrossRefPubMed

Klein F, Amin Kotb WFM, Petersen I (2009) Incidence of human papilloma virus in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 65:13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.10.003 CrossRefPubMed

Koshiol J, Rotunno M, Gillison ML et al (2011) Assessment of human papillomavirus in lung tumor tissue. J Natl Cancer Inst 103:501–507. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djr003 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Lee YM, Leu SY, Chiang H et al (2001) Human papillomavirus type 18 in colorectal cancer. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 34:87–91PubMed

Lee JE, Lee Y-M, Seong I-O et al (2016) No detection of episomal or integrated high-risk human papillomavirus in non small cell lung carcinomas among Korean population. Osong Public Heal Res Perspect 7:356–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.10.004 CrossRef

Lim (2009) Assessment of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep. https://doi.org/10.3892/or_00000310 CrossRefPubMed

Lima Júnior SF de, Fernandes MCM, Heráclio AS de et al (2011) Prevalência dos genótipos do papilomavírus humano: comparação entre três métodos de detecção em pacientes de Pernambuco. Brasil Rev Bras Ginecol e Obs 33:315–320. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-72032011001000008 CrossRef

Liu HR, Xing LQ, Si JY (1994) A study of human papillary virus infection by in situ hybridization and histopathology in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi = Chinese. J Pathol 23:299–301

Liu VWS, Tsang P, Yip A et al (2001) Low incidence of HPV DNA in sera of pretreatment cervical cancer patients. Gynecol Oncol 82:269–272. https://doi.org/10.1006/gyno.2001.6289 CrossRefPubMed

Liu Q, Ma L, Jones T et al (2018) Subjugation of TGFβ signaling by human papilloma virus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma shifts DNA repair from homologous recombination to alternative end-joining. Clin Cancer Res doi. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-1346 CrossRef

Marur S, D’Souza G, Westra WH, Forastiere AA (2010) HPV-associated head and neck cancer: a virus-related cancer epidemic. Lancet Oncol 11:781–789. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70017-6 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Mcbride A (2011) NIH public access 3527:1–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3527(08)00404-1.Replication

Mehra R, Egleston B, Yang D et al (2013) Abstract 4785: a pilot study of the association and prevalence of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cancer Res 73:4785–4785. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4785 CrossRef

Miasko A, Niklińska W, Nikliński J et al (2001) Detection of human papillomavirus in non-small cell lung carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 39:127–128PubMed

Nadji SA, Mokhtari-Azad T, Mahmoodi M et al (2007) Relationship between lung cancer and human papillomavirus in north of Iran, Mazandaran province. Cancer Lett 248:41–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CANLET.2006.05.016 CrossRefPubMed

Pao CC, Lin SS, Lin CY et al (1991) Identification of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Am J Clin Pathol 95:540–546CrossRefPubMed

Pao CC, Hor JJ, Yang FP et al (2014) Detection of human papillomavirus mRNA and cervical cancer cells in peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients with metastasis. J Clin Oncol 15:1008–1012. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1997.15.3.1008 CrossRef

Papadopoulou K, Labropoulou V, Davaris P et al (1998) Detection of human papillomaviruses in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. Virchows Arch 433:49–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004280050215 CrossRefPubMed

Park MS, Chang YS, Shin JH et al (2007) The prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in Korean non-small cell lung cancer patients. Yonsei Med J 48:69–77CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Peitsaro P, Johansson B, Syrjänen S (2002) Integrated human papillomavirus type 16 is frequently found in cervical cancer precursors as demonstrated by a novel quantitative real-time PCR technique. J Clin Microbiol 40:886–891. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.40.3.886-891.2002 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Prakash P, Patne SU, Singh A et al (2016) PCR and genotyping for HPV in cervical cancer patients. J Glob Infect Dis 8:100. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-777X.188591 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Ragin C, Obikoya-Malomo M, Kim S et al (2014) HPV-associated lung cancers: an international pooled analysis. Carcinogenesis 35:1267–1275. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgu038 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Rodrigues DA, Pereira ÉR, Oliveira LSS de et al (2014) Prevalêralncia de atipias citologica e infecçao pelo papilomavírus humano de alto risco em mulheres indígenas Panará, povo indígena do Brasil Cent. Cad Saúde Pública 30:2587–2593CrossRefPubMed

Rombaldi RL, Serafini EP, Mandelli J et al (2008) Transplacental transmission of human papillomavirus. Virol J 5:106. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-5-106 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Schamberger AC, Staab-Weijnitz CA, Mise-Racek N, Eickelberg O (2015) Cigarette smoke alters primary human bronchial epithelial cell differentiation at the air-liquid interface. Sci Rep 5:8163. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08163 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Shikova E, Ivanova Z, Alexandrova D et al (2017) Human papillomavirus prevalence in lung carcinomas in Bulgaria. Microbiol Immunol 61:427–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.12535 CrossRefPubMed

Shurin MR, Thanavala Y, Ismail N (2015) Infection and cancer: bi-directorial interactions. Springer, BerlinCrossRef

Smith EM, Ritchie JM, Summersgill KF et al (2004) Age, sexual behavior and human papillomavirus infection in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Int J Cancer 108:766–772. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.11633 CrossRefPubMed

Subramanian J, Velcheti V, Gao F, Govindan R (2007) Presentation and stage-specific outcomes of lifelong never-smokers with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2:827–830. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e318145af79 CrossRefPubMed

Syrjänen KJ (2002) HPV infections and oesophageal cancer. J Clin Pathol 55:721–728. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.55.10.721 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Syrjänen K (2012) Detection of human papillomavirus in lung cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Anticancer Res 32:3235–3250PubMed

Syrjänen K, Syrjänen S, Kellokoski J et al (1989) Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6 and 16 DNA sequences in bronchial squamous cell carcinomas demonstrated by in situ DNA hybridization. Lung 167:33–42CrossRefPubMed

Tian Y, Chen H, Qiao L et al (2018) CIP2A facilitates the G1/S cell cycle transition via B-Myb in human papillomavirus 16 oncoprotein E6-expressing cells. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.13693 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL et al (2015) Global cancer statistics. 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 65:87–108. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21262 CrossRefPubMed

Tsai H-J, Peng Y-W, Lin L-Y et al (2005) An association between human papillomavirus 16/18 deoxyribonucleic acid in peripheral blood with p16 protein expression in neoplastic cervical lesions. Cancer Detect Prev 29:537–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdp.2005.09.008 CrossRefPubMed

Wang T, Zeng X, Li W et al (2014) Detection and analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in breast cancer patients by an effective method of HPV capture. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090343 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

WHO (2017) Cancer. http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer. Accessed 13 Sept 2018

Xiong W-M, Xu Q-P, Li X et al (2017) The association between human papillomavirus infection and lung cancer: a system review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 8:96419–96432. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.21682 CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Yang Y, Dong D, Peng L et al (1998) A study on the relationship between HPV infection and the oncogenesis of primary squamous carcinoma of the lung. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 1:35–36. https://doi.org/10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.1998.01.09 CrossRefPubMed

Yousem SA, Paul Ohori N, Sonmez-Alpan E (1992) Occurrence of human papillomavirus DNA in primary lung neoplasms. Cancer 69:693–697. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19920201)69:3%3C693::AID-CNCR2820690316%3E3.0.CO;2-Y CrossRefPubMed

Yu Y, Yang A, Hu S, Yan H (2009) Correlation of HPV-16/18 infection of human papillomavirus with lung squamous cell carcinomas in Western China. Oncol Rep 21:1627–1632. https://doi.org/10.3892/or_00000397 CrossRefPubMed

Yuan A, Yu CJ, Chen WJ et al (2000) Correlation of total VEGF mRNA and protein expression with histologic type, tumor angiogenesis, patient survival and timing of relapse in non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J cancer 89:475–483CrossRefPubMed

Zafer E, Ergun MA, Alver G et al (2004) Detection and typing of human papillomavirus in non-small cell lung cancer. Respiration 71:88–90. https://doi.org/10.1159/000075655 CrossRefPubMed

Zhai K, Ding J, Shi H-Z (2015) HPV and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. J Clin Virol 63:84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2014.09.014 CrossRefPubMed

Zhang E, Feng X, Liu F et al (2014) Roles of PI3K/Akt and c-Jun signaling pathways in human papillomavirus type 16 oncoprotein-induced HIF-1a, VEGF, and IL-8 expression and in vitro angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One 9:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone CrossRef

Title: Presence and activity of HPV in primary lung cancer
Authors: Talita Helena Araujo de Oliveira
Carolina Medeiros do Amaral
Bianca de França São Marcos
Kamylla Conceição Gomes Nascimento
Ana Carine de Miranda Rios
Dafne Carolina Alves Quixabeira
Maria Tereza Cartaxo Muniz
Jacinto da Costa Silva Neto
Antonio Carlos de Freitas
Publication date: 01-12-2018
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology / Issue 12/2018
Print ISSN: 0171-5216
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1335
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-018-2748-8

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Presence and activity of HPV in primary lung cancer

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 12/2018

The heat shock protein 47 as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic agent in cancer research

The ambiguous role of microRNA-205 and its clinical potential in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

MicroRNA-338-5p plays a tumor suppressor role in glioma through inhibition of the MAPK-signaling pathway by binding to FOXD1

Reviewer Acknowledgements 2018

Pre-treatment metabolic tumor volume predicts tumor metastasis and progression in high-grade salivary gland carcinoma

Modified AJCC staging of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma based on T staging can improve the capacity of prognosis assessment

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page