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01-12-2016 | Original Article

Differential vascular reactivity responses acutely following ingestion of a nitrate rich red spinach extract

Authors: Cody T. Haun, Wesley C. Kephart, Angelia M. Holland, Christopher B. Mobley, Anna E. McCloskey, Joshua J. Shake, David D. Pascoe, Michael D. Roberts, Jeffrey S. Martin

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 11-12/2016

Abstract

Introduction

Inorganic nitrate ingestion has been posited to affect arterial blood pressure and vascular function.

Purpose

We sought to determine the acute effect of a red spinach extract (RSE) high in inorganic nitrate on vascular reactivity 1-h after ingestion in peripheral conduit and resistance arteries.

Methods

Fifteen (n = 15; males 8, females 7) apparently healthy subjects (aged 23.1 ± 3.3 years; BMI 27.2 ± 3.7 kg/m²) participated in this crossover design, double-blinded study. Subjects reported to the lab ≥2-h post-prandial and consumed RSE (1000 mg dose; ~90 mg nitrate) or placebo (PBO). Venipuncture was performed on three occasions: baseline, 30-min post-ingestion and between 65 to 75-min post-ingestion. Baseline vascular measurements [i.e., calf venous occlusion plethysmography, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)], 30-min of continuous blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) analysis, and follow-up vascular measurements beginning at 40-min post-ingestion were also performed.

Results

Humoral nitrate following RSE ingestion was significantly higher at 30- (+54 %; P = 0.039) and 65 to 75-min post-ingestion compared to baseline (+255 %, P < 0.001) and PBO at the same time points (P < 0.05). No significant changes in BP or HR occurred in either condition. Peak reactive hyperemia (RH) calf blood flow increased significantly (+13.7 %; P = 0.016) following RSE ingestion, whereas it decreased (−14.0 %; P = 0.008) following PBO ingestion. No significant differential FMD responses were detected (P > 0.05), though RH was decreased following the baseline measure in both conditions.

Conclusions

RSE significantly increased plasma nitrate 30-min post-ingestion, but acute microvascular (i.e., resistance vasculature) reactivity increases were isolated to the lower limb and no appreciable change in brachial artery FMD was observed.

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Title: Differential vascular reactivity responses acutely following ingestion of a nitrate rich red spinach extract
Authors: Cody T. Haun
Wesley C. Kephart
Angelia M. Holland
Christopher B. Mobley
Anna E. McCloskey
Joshua J. Shake
David D. Pascoe
Michael D. Roberts
Jeffrey S. Martin
Publication date: 01-12-2016
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 11-12/2016
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3478-8

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Springer Medicine

Differential vascular reactivity responses acutely following ingestion of a nitrate rich red spinach extract

Abstract

Introduction

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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