Top

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience

Published in:

01-02-2021 | Schizophrenia | Invited Review

Transcranial direct current stimulation and emotion processing deficits in psychosis and depression

Authors: Tina Gupta, Vijay A. Mittal

Published in: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Emotional processing deficits (EPDs) are commonly observed among individuals diagnosed with (1) psychotic disorders (2) and depression. Given that EPDs can impact overall functioning and quality of life, the need to identify effective interventions is critical. To date, our current understanding of treatments for these impairments is limited. However, there is increasing interest in investigating the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). This neuromodulation technique releases a weak electrical current through the brain. Given research suggesting promise for using tDCS to improve symptoms and cognition across psychopathology, this approach may be useful for improving EPDs and related symptoms in psychosis and depression. In the current review, we provide an overview of the literature determining the effects of tDCS for EPDs and related symptoms in these groups. Furthermore, we highlight methodological advances and pinpoint potential future directions.

Sheppes G, Suri G, Gross JJ (2015) Emotion regulation and psychopathology. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 11:379–405. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739CrossRefPubMed

Kring AM, Elis O (2013) Emotion deficits in people with schizophrenia. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 9:409–433. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185538CrossRefPubMed

Kring AM, Bachorowski JA (1999) Emotions and psychopathology. Cogn Emot 13:575–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999399379195CrossRef

Teasdale JD (1999) Emotional processing, three modes of mind and the prevention of relapse in depression. Behav Res Ther. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00050-9CrossRefPubMed

Schneider F, Gur RC, Gur RE, Shtasel DL (1995) Emotional processing in schizophrenia: Neurobehavioral probes in relation to psychopathology. Schizophr Res 17:67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(95)00031-GCrossRefPubMed

Barrett LF, Mesquita B, Ochsner KN, Gross JJ (2007) The experience of emotion. Annu Rev Psychol 58:373–403. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085709CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Barrett LF (2006) Solving the emotion paradox: Categorization and the experience of emotion. Personal Soc Psychol Rev 10:20–46. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_2CrossRef

Gur RE, Kohler CG, Ragland JD et al (2006) Flat affect in schizophrenia: relation to emotion processing and neurocognitive measures. Schizophr Bull 32:279–287. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbj041CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ekman P (1993) 5_Ekman_1993_Faicalexpressionemotion.pdf. Am. Psychol

10.

Kring AM, Kerr SL, Smith DA, Neale JM (1993) Flat affect in schizophrenia does not reflect diminished subjective experience of emotion. J Abnorm Psychol 102:507–517. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.102.4.507CrossRefPubMed

11.

Kohler CG, Bilker W, Hagendoorn M et al (2000) Emotion recognition deficit in schizophrenia: Association with symptomatology and cognition. Biol Psychiatry 48:127–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00847-7CrossRefPubMed

12.

Edwards J, Jackson HJ, Pattison PE (2002) Emotion recognition via facial expression and affective prosody in schizophrenia : A methodological review. Clin Pshycol Rev 22:789–832CrossRef

13.

Gross JJ (1999) Emotion regulation: Past, present, future. Cogn Emot 13:551–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999399379186CrossRef

14.

Kohler CG, Martin EA (2006) Emotional processing in schizophrenia. Cogn. Neuropsychiatry 11:250–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546800500188575CrossRef

15.

Delaveau P, Jabourian M, Lemogne C et al (2011) Brain effects of antidepressants in major depression: A meta-analysis of emotional processing studies. J Affect Disord 130:66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.09.032CrossRefPubMed

16.

Hooker C, Park S (2002) Emotion processing and its relationship to social functioning in schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Res 112:41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(02)00177-4CrossRefPubMed

17.

Kee KS, Green MF, Mintz J, Brekke JS (2003) Is emotion processing a predictor of functional outcome in schizophrenia? Schizophr Bull 29:487–497. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007021CrossRefPubMed

18.

Lally J, MacCabe JH (2015) Antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: a review. Br Med Bull 114:169–179. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldv017CrossRefPubMed

19.

Barch DM (2005) The relationships among cognition, motivation, and emotion in schizophrenia: How much and how little we know. Schizophr Bull 31:875–881. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbi040CrossRefPubMed

20.

Brunoni AR, Shiozawa P, Truong D et al (2014) Understanding tDCS effects in schizophrenia : a systematic review of clinical data and an integrated computation modeling analysis. Expert Rev Med Devices. https://doi.org/10.1586/17434440.2014.911082CrossRefPubMed

21.

Nitsche MA, Cohen LG, Wassermann EM et al (2008) Transcranial direct current stimulation: state of the art 2008. Brain Stimul 1:206–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.004CrossRefPubMed

22.

Agarwal SM, Shivakumar V, Bose A et al (2013) Transcranial direct current stimulation in schizophrenia. Curr Pharm Dec 11:118–125

23.

Pontillo M, Costanzo F, Menghini D et al (2018) Use of transcranial direct stimulation in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Clin EEG Neurosci 49:18–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550059417746531CrossRefPubMed

24.

Osoegawa C, Gomes JS, Grigolon RB et al (2018) Non-invasive brain stimulation for negative symptoms in schizophrenia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 197:34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.01.010CrossRefPubMed

25.

Mondino M, Jardri R, Saoud M, Poulet E (2016) Effects of fronto-temporal transcranial direct current stimulation on auditory verbal hallucinations and resting-state functional connectivity of the left temporo-parietal junction in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 42:318–326. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbv114CrossRefPubMed

26.

Gupta T, Kelley NJ, Pelletier-Baldelli A, Mittal VA (2018) Transcranial direct current stimulation, symptomatology, and cognition in psychosis: A qualitative review. Front Behav Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00094CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Rassovsky Y, Dunn W, Wynn J et al (2015) The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on social cognition in schizophrenia : A preliminary study. Schizophr Res 165:171–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2015.04.016CrossRefPubMed

28.

Borrione L, Moffa AH, Martin D et al (2018) Transcranial direct current stimulation in the acute depressive episode: a systematic review of current knowledge. J ECT 34:153–163. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0000000000000512CrossRefPubMed

29.

Wolkenstein L, Plewnia C (2013) Amelioration of cognitive control in depression by transcranial direct current stimulation. Biol Psychiatry 73:646–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.010CrossRefPubMed

30.

Bennabi D, Haffen E (2018) Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a promising treatment for major depressive disorder? Brain Sci 8:1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8050081CrossRef

31.

Yokoi Y, Narita Z, Sumiyoshi T (2018) Transcranial direct current stimulation in depression and psychosis: a systematic review. Clin EEG Neurosci 49:93–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550059417732247CrossRefPubMed

32.

Carpenter W, Kirkpatrick B (1988) The hetrogeneity of the long-term course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 14:645–652. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/14.4.645CrossRefPubMed

33.

Andreasen NC (1997) The evolving concept of schizophrenia: from Kraepelin to the present and future. Schizophr Res 28:105–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(97)00112-6CrossRefPubMed

34.

Mackay AVP, Crow TJ (1980) Positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms and the role of dopamine. Br J Psychiatry 137:379–386. https://doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000071919CrossRefPubMed

35.

Addington J, Addington D, Gasbarre L (2001) Neurocognitive and social functioning in schizophrenia and other diagnoses [4]. Schizophr Res 48:367–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(00)00103-1CrossRefPubMed

36.

Earls HA, Curran T, Mittal V (2016) Deficits in early stages of face processing in schizophrenia: A systematic review of the P100 component. Schizophr Bull 42:519–527. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbv096CrossRefPubMed

37.

Thompson E, Kline E, Ellman LM et al (2015) Emotional and behavioral symptomatology reported by help-seeking youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 162:79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.023CrossRefPubMed

38.

Pelletier AL, Dean DJ, Lunsford-avery JR et al (2013) Emotion recognition and social / role dysfunction in non-clinical psychosis. Schizophr Res 143:70–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.10.039CrossRefPubMed

39.

Gruber J, Strauss GP, Dombrecht L, Mittal VA (2018) Neuroleptic-free youth at ultrahigh risk for psychosis evidence diminished emotion reactivity that is predicted by depression and anxiety. Schizophr Res 193:428–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.013CrossRefPubMed

40.

Strauss GP, Ph D, Horan WP et al (2013) Deconstructing negative symptoms of schizophrenia: avolition- apathy and diminished expression clusters predict clinical presentation and functional outcome. J Psychiatr Res 47:783–790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.01.015.DeconstructingCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

41.

Cho H, Gonzalez R, Lavaysse LM et al (2017) Do people with schizophrenia experience more negative emotion and less positive emotion in their daily lives? A meta-analysis of experience sampling studies. Schizophr Res 183:49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.11.016CrossRefPubMed

42.

Cohen AS, Minor KS (2010) Emotional experience in patients with schizophrenia revisited: Meta-analysis of laboratory studies. Schizophr Bull 36:143–150. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn061CrossRefPubMed

43.

Suslow T, Roestel C, Ohrmann P, Arolt V (2003) The experience of basic emotions in schizophrenia with and without affective negative symptoms. Compr Psychiatry 44:303–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-440X(03)00085-3CrossRefPubMed

44.

Kohler CG, Brennan AR (2004) Recognition of facial emotions in schizophrenia : Current Opinion in Psychiatry. Curr Opin Psychiatry 17:81–86. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.yco.0000120424.39447.e4CrossRef

45.

Moran EK, Culbreth AJ, Barch DM (2018) Emotion regulation predicts everyday emotion experience and social function in schizophrenia. Clin Psychol Sci 6:271–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617738827CrossRefPubMed

46.

Chrysikou EG, Wing EK, Van DWO (2019) Transcranial direct current stimulation over prefrontal cortex in depression modulates cortical excitability in emotion regulation regions as measured by concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging: an exploratory study. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.12.004CrossRefPubMed

47.

Joormann J, Gotlib IH (2010) Emotion regulation in depression: relation to cognitive inhibition. Cogn Emot 24:281–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930903407948CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Joormann J, Stanton CH (2016) Examining emotion regulation in depression: a review and future directions. Behav Res Ther 86:35–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.007CrossRefPubMed

49.

Nitsche MA, Koschack J, Pohlers H et al (2012) Effects of frontal transcranial direct current stimulation on emotional state and processing in healthy humans. Front Psychiatry 3:1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00058CrossRef

50.

Rottenberg J (2005) Mood and emotion in major depression. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 14:167–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00354.xCrossRef

51.

(2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Association, Arlingon, VA

52.

Berking M, Wirtz CM, Svaldi J, Hofmann SG (2014) Emotion regulation predicts symptoms of depression over five years. Behav Res Ther 57:13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.03.003CrossRefPubMed

53.

Bourke C, Douglas K, Porter R (2010) Processing of facial emotion expression in major depression: A review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 44:681–696. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048674.2010.496359CrossRefPubMed

54.

Fava M (2003) Diagnosis and definition of treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry 53:649–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00231-2CrossRefPubMed

55.

Mondino M, Haesebaert F, Poulet E et al (2015) Fronto-temporal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) reduces source-monitoring deficits and auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 161:515–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.054CrossRefPubMed

56.

Tortella G (2015) Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders. World J Psychiatry 5:88. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v5.i1.88CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

57.

Kekic M, Boysen E, Campbell IC, Schmidt U (2016) A systematic review of the clinical efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in psychiatric disorders. J Psychiatr Res 74:70–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.12.018CrossRefPubMed

58.

Nasseri P, Nitsche MA, Ekhtiari H (2015) A framework for categorizing electrode montages in transcranial direct current stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 9:1–5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00054CrossRef

59.

Ferrucci R, Cortese F, Priori A (2015) Cerebellar tDCS : How to Do It. 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-014-0599-7

60.

Borckardt JJ, Bikson M, Frohman H et al (2012) A pilot study of the tolerability and effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on pain perception. J Pain 13:112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.07.001CrossRefPubMed

61.

Datta A, Bansal V, Diaz J et al (2010) Gyri –precise head model of transcranial DC stimulation. NIH Public Access 2:201–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2009.03.005.GyriCrossRef

62.

Hallett M (2000) Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain. Nature 406:147–150. https://doi.org/10.1038/35018000CrossRefPubMed

63.

Zhao T, Roeder K, Lafferty J, Wasserman L (2012) The huge Package for High-dimensional Undirected Graph Estimation in R. 1–12

64.

Mondino M, Bennabi D, Poulet E et al (2014) Can transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) alleviate symptoms and improve cognition in psychiatric disorders? World J Biol Psychiatry 15:261–275. https://doi.org/10.3109/15622975.2013.876514CrossRefPubMed

65.

Barch DM, Dowd EC (2010) Goal representations and motivational drive in schizophrenia: The role of prefrontal-striatal interactions. Schizophr Bull 36:919–934. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbq068CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

66.

Kring AM, Barch DM (2014) The motivation and pleasure dimension of negative symptoms. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 24:725–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.06.007.TheCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

67.

Fregn F, Boggio PS, Nitsche M et al (2006) Letters to the Editor Treatment of major depression with transcranial direct current stimulation Ephedrine-induced emergence of bipolar symptoms. Bipolar Disord 8:203–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00291.xCrossRef

68.

Ferrucci R, Bortolomasi M, Vergari M et al (2009) Transcranial direct current stimulation in severe, drug-resistant major depression. J Affect Disord 118:215–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.02.015CrossRefPubMed

69.

Addington D, Addington J, Maticka-Tyndale E (1993) Assessing depression in schizophrenia: The Calgary Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 163(Suppl 22):39–44CrossRef

70.

Harvey PD, Twamley EW, Pinkham AE et al (2017) Depression in schizophrenia: associations with cognition, functional capacity, everyday functioning, and self-assessment. Schizophr Bull 43:575–582. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw103CrossRefPubMed

71.

Upthegrove R, Marwaha S, Birchwood M (2017) Depression and schizophrenia: cause, consequence, or trans-diagnostic issue? Schizophr Bull 43:240–244. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw097CrossRefPubMed

72.

Bose A, Shivakumar V, Agarwal SM et al (2018) Efficacy of frontotemporal transcranial direct current stimulation for refractory auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Schizophr Res 195:475–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.047CrossRefPubMed

73.

Kennedy NI, Lee WH, Frangou S (2018) Efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation on the symptom dimensions of schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Psychiatry 49:69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.12.025CrossRefPubMed

74.

Vercammen A, Rushby JA, Loo C et al (2011) Transcranial direct current stimulation in fluences probabilistic association learning in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 131:198–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2011.06.021CrossRefPubMed

75.

Bose A, Shivakumar V, Narayanaswamy JC et al (2014) Insight facilitation with add-on tDCS in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 156:63–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.029CrossRefPubMed

76.

Gomes JS, Trevizol AP, Ducos DV et al (2018) Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a phase II randomized sham-controlled trial. Schizophr Res Cogn 12:20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2018.02.003CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

77.

Valiengo L, Gordon PC, de Carvalho JB et al (2019) Schizophrenia treatment with electric transcranial stimulation (STARTS): Design, rationale and objectives of a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled trial. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 41:104–111. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0047CrossRefPubMed

78.

Sellaro R, Nitsche MA, Colzato LS (2016) The stimulated social brain: Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on social cognition. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1369:218–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13098CrossRefPubMed

79.

Gomes JS, Shiozawa P, Dias ÁMH et al (2015) Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex anodal tDCS effects on negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Brain Stimul 8:989–991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2015.07.033CrossRefPubMed

80.

Palm U, Keeser D, Hasan A et al (2016) Prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation for treatment of schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms : a double-blind, sham-controlled proof-of-concept study. Schizophr Bull 42:1253–1261. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw041CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

81.

Rassovsky Y, Dunn W, Wynn JK et al (2018) Single transcranial direct current stimulation in schizophrenia: Randomized, cross-over study of neurocognition, social cognition, ERPs, and side effects. PLoS ONE 13:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197023CrossRef

82.

Vergallito A, Riva P, Pisoni A, Romero Lauro LJ (2018) Modulation of negative emotions through anodal tDCS over the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia 119:128–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.037CrossRefPubMed

83.

Blanchard JJ, Mueser KT, Bellack AS (1998) Anhedonia, positive and negative affect, and social functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 24:413–424. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033336CrossRefPubMed

84.

Aleman A, Enriquez-Geppert S, Knegtering H, Dlabac-de Lange JJ (2018) Moderate effects of noninvasive brain stimulation of the frontal cortex for improving negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis of controlled trials. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 89:111–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.009CrossRefPubMed

85.

Nuechterlein KH, Green MF, Kern RS et al (2008) The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery, part 1: Test selection, reliability, and validity. Am J Psychiatry 165:203–213. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07010042CrossRefPubMed

86.

Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA (1987) The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 13:261–276. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/13.2.261CrossRefPubMed

87.

Kantrowitz JT, Sehatpour P, Avissar M et al (2019) Significant improvement in treatment resistant auditory verbal hallucinations after 5 days of double-blind, randomized, sham controlled, fronto-temporal, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a replication/extension study. Brain Stimul 12:981–991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2019.03.003CrossRefPubMed

88.

Valiengo LDCL, Goerigk S, Gordon PC et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation for treating negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 77:121–129. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3199CrossRefPubMed

89.

Jacks S, Mittendorf A et al (2014) Transcranial direct-current stimulation as an adjunct to electroconvulsive therapy and clonzapine for refractory psychosis. Prim care companion CNS Disord 16:

90.

Buchanan RW (2007) Persistent negative symptoms in schizophrenia: an overview. Schizophr Bull 33:1013–1022. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbl057CrossRefPubMed

91.

Emmerling R (2006) The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Consort Res Emot Intell Organ 2006–2007

92.

Ferrucci R, Giannicola G, Rosa M et al (2012) Cerebellum and processing of negative facial emotions: Cerebellar transcranial DC stimulation specifically enhances the emotional recognition of facial anger and sadness. Cogn Emot 26:786–799. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.619520CrossRefPubMed

93.

Krautheim JT, Steines M, Dannlowski U et al (2020) Emotion specific neural activation for the production and perception of facial expressions. Cortex 127:17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.026CrossRefPubMed

94.

Henry JD, Rendell PG, Green MJ et al (2008) Emotion regulation in schizophrenia: affective, social, and clinical correlates of suppression and reappraisal. J Abnorm Psychol 117:473–478. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.117.2.473CrossRefPubMed

95.

Watson D, Anna L, Tellegen A (1988) Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol 54:1063–1070CrossRef

96.

Nitsche MA, Boggio PS, Fregni F, Pascual-Leone A (2009) Treatment of depression with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a review. Exp Neurol 219:14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.038CrossRefPubMed

97.

Miller IW, Bishop S, Norman WH, Maddever H (1985) The modified Hamilton rating scale for depression: Reliability and validity. Psychiatry Res 14:131–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(85)90057-5CrossRefPubMed

98.

Beck AT, Steer RA (1984) Internal consistencies of the original and revised beck depression inventory. J Clin Psychol 40:1365–1367. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198411)40:6%3c1365:AID-JCLP2270400615%3e3.0.CO;2-DCrossRefPubMed

99.

Aparicio LVM, Rosa V, Razza LM et al (2019) Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for preventing major depressive disorder relapse: Results of a 6-month follow-up. Depress Anxiety 36:262–268. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22878CrossRefPubMed

100.

Martin DM, Alonzo A, Ho KA et al (2013) Continuation transcranial direct current stimulation for the prevention of relapse in major depression. J Affect Disord 144:274–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.012CrossRefPubMed

101.

Valiengo L, Benseñor IM, Goulart AC et al (2013) The sertraline versus electrical current therapy for treating depression clinical study (SELECT-TDCS): Results of the crossover and follow-up phases. Depress Anxiety 30:646–653. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22079CrossRefPubMed

102.

Martin DM, Teng JZ, Lo TY et al (2018) Clinical pilot study of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive emotional training for medication resistant depression. J Affect Disord 232:89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.021CrossRefPubMed

103.

Pavlova EL, Menshikova AA, Semenov RV et al (2018) Transcranial direct current stimulation of 20- and 30-minutes combined with sertraline for the treatment of depression. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry 82:31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.004CrossRef

104.

Weissman MM, Merikangas KR, Priya W et al (1986) Understanding the clinical heterogeneity of major depression using family data. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:430–434. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800050028003CrossRefPubMed

105.

Brunoni AR, Moffa AH, Sampaio B et al (2017) Trial of electrical direct-current therapy versus escitalopram for depression. N Engl J Med 376:2523–2533. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1612999CrossRefPubMed

106.

Monnart A, Vanderhasselt MA, Schroder E et al (2019) Treatment of resistant depression: a pilot study assessing the efficacy of a tDCS-mindfulness program compared with a tDCS-relaxation program. Front Psychiatry 10:1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00730CrossRef

107.

Brennan S, McLoughlin DM, O’Connell R et al (2017) Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhances emotion recognition in depressed patients and controls. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 39:384–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2016.1230595CrossRefPubMed

108.

Iacoviello BM, Wu G, Alvarez E et al (2014) Cognitive-emotional training as an intervention for major depressive disorder. Depress Anxiety 31:699–706. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22266CrossRefPubMed

109.

Joormann J, Michael Vanderlind W (2014) Emotion regulation in depression: the role of biased cognition and reduced cognitive control. Clin Psychol Sci 2:402–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702614536163CrossRef

110.

Baert S, De Raedt R, Schacht R, Koster EHW (2010) Attentional bias training in depression: Therapeutic effects depend on depression severity. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 41:265–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.02.004CrossRefPubMed

111.

Merikangas KR, Wicki W, Angst J (1994) Heterogeneity of depression. Br J Psychiatry 164:342–348. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.3.342CrossRefPubMed

112.

McLaren M, Nissim N, Woods A (2018) The effects of medication use in transcranial direct current stimulation: A brief review. Brain Stimul 11:

113.

Singh SP, Singh V, Kar N, Chan K (2010) Efficacy of antidepressants in treating the negative symptoms of chronic schizophrenia: Meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 197:174–179. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.067710CrossRefPubMed

114.

Fusar-Poli P, Papanastasiou E, Stahl D et al (2015) Treatments of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of 168 randomized placebo-controlled trials. Schizophr Bull 41:892–899. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbu170CrossRefPubMed

115.

Cella M, Preti A, Edwards C et al (2017) Cognitive remediation for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: A network meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 52:43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.11.009CrossRefPubMed

116.

Velthorst E, Koeter M, Van Der Gaag M et al (2015) Adapted cognitive-behavioural therapy required for targeting negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis and meta-regression. Psychol Med 45:453–465. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714001147CrossRefPubMed

117.

Fournier JC, DeRubeis RJ, Hollon SD et al (2010) Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: A patient-level meta-analysis. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc 303:47–53. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1943CrossRef

118.

Ekers D, Richards D, Gilbody S (2008) A meta-analysis of randomized trials of behavioural treatment of depression. Psychol Med 38:611–623. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707001614CrossRefPubMed

119.

Loo CK, Husain MM, McDonald WM et al (2018) International randomized-controlled trial of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in depression. Brain Stimul 11:125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.011CrossRefPubMed

120.

Haber SN, Knutson B (2010) The reward circuit: Linking primate anatomy and human imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 35:4–26. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2009.129CrossRefPubMed

121.

Knutson B, Adams CM, Fong GW, Hommer D (2001) Anticipation of increasing monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus accumbens. J Neurosci 21:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.21-16-j0002.2001CrossRef

122.

Delgado MR (2007) Reward-related responses in the human striatum. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1104:70–88. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1390.002CrossRefPubMed

123.

Davidson RJ (2002) Anxiety and affective style: Role of prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Biol Psychiatry 51:68–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01328-2CrossRefPubMed

124.

Ferrucci R, Marceglia S, Vergari M, et al (2008) Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation impairs the practice-dependent proficiency increase in working memory. 1687–1697

125.

Brunelin J, Fecteau S, Suaud-Chagny M-F (2013) Abnormal Striatal Dopamine Transmission in Schizophrenia. Curr Med Chem 20:397–404. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986713804870819CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

126.

Gotlib IH, Hamilton JP (2008) Neuroimaging and depression: current status and unresolved issues. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 17:159–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00567.xCrossRef

127.

Everaert J, Koster EHW, Derakshan N (2012) The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression. Clin Psychol Rev 32:413–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.04.003CrossRefPubMed

128.

Dixon ML, Christoff K (2014) The lateral prefrontal cortex and complex value-based learning and decision making. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 45:9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.04.011CrossRefPubMed

129.

Fonteneau C, Redoute J, Haesebaert F et al (2018) Frontal transcranial direct current stimulation induces dopamine release in the ventral striatum in human. Cereb Cortex 28:2636–2646. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy093CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

130.

Schutter DJLG, Van Honk J (2005) The cerebellum on the rise in human emotion. Cerebellum 4:290–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/14734220500348584CrossRefPubMed

131.

Mothersill O, Knee-Zaska C, Donohoe G (2016) Emotion and theory of mind in schizophrenia—investigating the role of the cerebellum. Cerebellum 15:357–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-015-0696-2CrossRefPubMed

132.

Wager TD, Woo CW (2017) Imaging biomarkers and biotypes for depression. Nat Med 23:16–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4264CrossRefPubMed

133.

Alonzo A, Fong J, Ball N et al (2019) Pilot trial of home-administered transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of depression. J Affect Disord 252:475–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.041CrossRefPubMed

134.

Yee CI, Gupta T, Mittal VA, Haase CM (2019) Coping with family stress in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.057CrossRefPubMed

135.

Foti D, Kotov R, Klein DN, Hajcak G (2011) Abnormal neural sensitivity to monetary gains versus losses among adolescents at risk for depression. J Abnorm Child Psychol 39:913–924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9503-9CrossRefPubMed

Title: Transcranial direct current stimulation and emotion processing deficits in psychosis and depression
Authors: Tina Gupta
Vijay A. Mittal
Publication date: 01-02-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Schizophrenia
Affective Disorder
Affective Disorder
Nerve Stimulation
Published in: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience / Issue 1/2021
Print ISSN: 0940-1334
Electronic ISSN: 1433-8491
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01146-7

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Transcranial direct current stimulation and emotion processing deficits in psychosis and depression

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

Rate of continuing acute course treatment using right unilateral ultrabrief pulse electroconvulsive therapy at a large academic medical center

Concomitant lorazepam use and antidepressive efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a naturalistic setting

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS): from basic mechanisms towards first applications in psychiatry

Beyond physiotherapy and pharmacological treatment for fibromyalgia syndrome: tailored tACS as a new therapeutic tool

Prefrontal resting-state connectivity and antidepressant response: no associations in the ELECT-TDCS trial

Frontal–striatal connectivity and positive symptoms of schizophrenia: implications for the mechanistic basis of prefrontal rTMS