Fecal incontinence (FI) is characterized by the unintentional loss of solid or liquid stool in individuals aged ≥ 4 years [ 1 ]. On the basis of clinical surveys, FI events have been reported to impact approximately 2–17% of adults in the community …

Numerous methods exist for delivering analgesia or pain relief, encompassing both pharmacological agents and interventional techniques. Recent advancements include peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), an FDA-cleared, non-opioid pain management …

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a highly prevalent condition with significant associated comorbidities. Current management guidelines suggest the utilization of anticholinergic medication as a second line after nonpharmacological treatment. Tibial …

The gut and the brain communicate bidirectionally through the autonomic nervous system. The vagus nerve is a key component of this gut–brain axis, and has numerous properties such as anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-depressive effects. A …

Neuromodulation methods are used as third-line therapy in patients who are refractory to first-line (lifestyle modifications, pelvic floor muscle training, bladder training [BT], timed voiding) and second-line pharmacological (anti-muscarinic, ß3 …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent neurological disease in young adults, and white-matter lesions may induce lower urinary tract dysfunction. It is commonly admitted that subcortical lesions result in detrusor overactivity (DO), whereas …

Despite the approval and routine use of novel antiseizure medications (ASMs) throughout the last several decades, up to a third of all people with epilepsy (PWE) still cannot achieve seizure freedom [ 1 ]. Patients with treatment resistant epilepsy …

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect experienced by cancer patients treated with neurotoxic chemotherapy drugs [ 1 ]. Approximately 68% of patients develop CIPN 1 month after the completion of chemotherapy, and …