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Acta Neuropathologica
Published in: Acta Neuropathologica 3/2012

Open Access 01-09-2012 | Review

The genetics and neuropathology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Authors: Anne Sieben, Tim Van Langenhove, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Jean-Jacques Martin, Paul Boon, Patrick Cras, Peter-Paul De Deyn, Patrick Santens, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Marc Cruts

Published in: Acta Neuropathologica | Issue 3/2012

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Abstract

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by disturbances of behavior and personality and different types of language impairment with or without concomitant features of motor neuron disease or parkinsonism. FTLD is characterized by atrophy of the frontal and anterior temporal brain lobes. Detailed neuropathological studies have elicited proteinopathies defined by inclusions of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, TAR DNA-binding protein TDP-43, fused-in-sarcoma or yet unidentified proteins in affected brain regions. Rather than the type of proteinopathy, the site of neurodegeneration correlates relatively well with the clinical presentation of FTLD. Molecular genetic studies identified five disease genes, of which the gene encoding the tau protein (MAPT), the growth factor precursor gene granulin (GRN), and C9orf72 with unknown function are most frequently mutated. Rare mutations were also identified in the genes encoding valosin-containing protein (VCP) and charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B). These genes are good markers to distinguish underlying neuropathological phenotypes. Due to the complex landscape of FTLD diseases, combined characterization of clinical, imaging, biological and genetic biomarkers is essential to establish a detailed diagnosis. Although major progress has been made in FTLD research in recent years, further studies are needed to completely map out and correlate the clinical, pathological and genetic entities, and to understand the underlying disease mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current state of the rapidly progressing field of genetic, neuropathological and clinical research of this intriguing condition.
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Metadata
Title
The genetics and neuropathology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors
Anne Sieben
Tim Van Langenhove
Sebastiaan Engelborghs
Jean-Jacques Martin
Paul Boon
Patrick Cras
Peter-Paul De Deyn
Patrick Santens
Christine Van Broeckhoven
Marc Cruts
Publication date
01-09-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Acta Neuropathologica / Issue 3/2012
Print ISSN: 0001-6322
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0533
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-012-1029-x

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