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01-10-2020 | Hypertension | Original Contribution

Is salt intake reduction a universal intervention for both normotensive and hypertensive people: a case from Iran STEPS survey 2016

Authors: Ali Gholami, Shahabeddin Rezaei, Leila Moosavi Jahromi, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Ali Ghanbari, Shirin Djalalinia, Nazila Rezaei, Shohreh Naderimagham, Mitra Modirian, Negar Mahmoudi, Zohreh Mahmoudi, Mohammad Javad Hajipour, Ahmad kousha, Siamak Mirab Samiee, Farshad Farzadfar

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 7/2020

Abstract

Purpose

There is a direct association between salt intake and blood pressure (BP), one of the main risk factors for CVDs. However, yet there has been a debate that how strong is this association in people with and without hypertension. This study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of the association between salt intake and BP in hypertensive and normotensive population among a nationally representative population.

Methods

The study was conducted on a nationally representative sample of 18,635 Iranian adults aged 25 years and older who participated in the STEPS survey 2016 and provided urine sample. Salt intake was estimated through spot urine sample and Tanaka equation. Multiple linear regression model in survey data analysis was used to assess the independent effect of salt intake on BP.

Results

After adjusting for covariates, there was a significant association between salt intake and SBP in hypertensive (p < 0.001) and normotensive people (p < 0.001). In hypertensive people, with 1 g of increase in salt intake, the SBP and DBP increased 0.37 mmHg and 0.07 mmHg, respectively. Whereas in normotensive people, with 1 g of increase in salt intake, the SBP and DBP increased 0.26 mmHg and 0.05 mmHg, respectively. Moreover, there was a significant trend toward an increase of SBP across salt intake quartiles in both hypertensive (p < 0.001) and normotensive people (p = 0.002), though the slope was steeper in hypertensive than in normotensive people.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated that salt intake significantly increased SBP in both hypertensive and normotensive people, though the magnitude of this increase was greater in hypertensive people as compared with normotensive people.

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Title: Is salt intake reduction a universal intervention for both normotensive and hypertensive people: a case from Iran STEPS survey 2016
Authors: Ali Gholami
Shahabeddin Rezaei
Leila Moosavi Jahromi
Hamid Reza Baradaran
Ali Ghanbari
Shirin Djalalinia
Nazila Rezaei
Shohreh Naderimagham
Mitra Modirian
Negar Mahmoudi
Zohreh Mahmoudi
Mohammad Javad Hajipour
Ahmad kousha
Siamak Mirab Samiee
Farshad Farzadfar
Publication date: 01-10-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Hypertension
Hypertension
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 7/2020
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02153-8

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