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European Journal of Nutrition
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition 7/2020

01-10-2020 | Overweight | Original Contribution

Effect of a balanced Korean diet on metabolic risk factors among overweight/obese Korean adults: a randomized controlled trial

Authors: Seong-Ah Kim, Sangah Shin, Kyungho Ha, Young Hwang, Young-Hee Park, Min-Sook Kang, Hyojee Joung

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 7/2020

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Abstract

Purpose

This study was to see the effects of a balanced Korean diet (BKD) on metabolic risk factors in overweight or obese Korean adults, comparing with those of a typical American diet (TAD) and a diet recommended by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2010DGA).

Methods

The study was designed as a randomized crossover controlled trial, in which 61 overweight or obese volunteers were divided into six groups and each consumed the BKD, 2010DGA, and TAD in a random order for 4 weeks separated by 2-week washout intervals. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, blood lipid content, fasting blood glucose, and blood insulin level were measured at the beginning and end of each diet period.

Results

A total of 54 participants completed the trial. The BKD caused more significant reductions of body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), body fat percent (p < 0.001), blood total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p = 0.007) compared with the 2010DGA or TAD (all p values for differences between diets < 0.05). All three diets significantly lowered blood triglyceride levels (p < 0.05). The BKD decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = 0.001) and increased fasting blood glucose (p = 0.018), whereas TAD and 2010DGA increased HDL cholesterol and did not affect blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the BKD significantly decreased the proportion of individuals with elevated total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.01), whereas the 2010DGA significantly reduced the number of obese individuals (p < 0.05), and the TAD decreased the number of participants with elevated triglyceride levels (p < 0.05), but increased that of those with elevated LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The Korean diet based on dietary guidelines improved metabolic risk factors such as BMI, body fat percent, and blood lipid profiles in overweight or obese Korean adults. These results provide evidence to recommend the Korean diet for preventing various metabolic diseases.

Clinical trial registration

The trial was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) in Korea, the primary registry of the World Health Organization (WHO) international clinical trial registry platform, under number KCT0002437.
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Metadata
Title
Effect of a balanced Korean diet on metabolic risk factors among overweight/obese Korean adults: a randomized controlled trial
Authors
Seong-Ah Kim
Sangah Shin
Kyungho Ha
Young Hwang
Young-Hee Park
Min-Sook Kang
Hyojee Joung
Publication date
01-10-2020
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword
Overweight
Published in
European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 7/2020
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02141-y

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