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01-02-2020 | Original Contribution

Similarities and differences of dietary and other determinants of iodine status in pregnant women from three European birth cohorts

Authors: Mariana Dineva, Margaret P. Rayman, Deborah Levie, Mònica Guxens, Robin P. Peeters, Jesus Vioque, Llúcia González, Mercedes Espada, Jesús Ibarluzea, Jordi Sunyer, Tim I. M. Korevaar, Sarah C. Bath

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 1/2020

Abstract

Purpose

As a component of thyroid hormones, adequate iodine intake is essential during pregnancy for fetal neurodevelopment. Across Europe, iodine deficiency is common in pregnancy, but data are lacking on the predictors of iodine status at this life stage. We, therefore, aimed to explore determinants of iodine status during pregnancy in three European populations of differing iodine status.

Methods

Data were from 6566 pregnant women from three prospective population-based birth cohorts from the United Kingdom (ALSPAC, n = 2852), Spain (INMA, n = 1460), and The Netherlands (Generation R, n = 2254). Urinary iodine-to-creatinine ratio (UI/Creat, µg/g) was measured in spot-urine samples in pregnancy (≤ 18-weeks gestation). Maternal dietary intake, categorised by food groups (g/day), was estimated from food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Multivariable regression models used dietary variables (energy-adjusted) and maternal characteristics as predictors of iodine status.

Results

Median UI/Creat in pregnant women of ALSPAC, INMA, and Generation R was 121, 151, and 210 µg/g, respectively. Maternal age was positively associated with UI/Creat in all cohorts (P < 0.001), while UI/Creat varied by ethnicity only in Generation R (P < 0.05). Of the dietary predictors, intake of milk and dairy products (per 100 g/day) was positively associated with UI/Creat in all cohorts [ALSPAC (B = 3.73, P < 0.0001); INMA (B = 6.92, P = 0.002); Generation R (B = 2.34, P = 0.001)]. Cohort-specific dietary determinants positively associated with UI/Creat included fish and shellfish in ALSPAC and INMA, and eggs and cereal/cereal products in Generation R.

Conclusions

The cohort-specific dietary determinants probably reflect not only dietary habits but iodine-fortification policies; hence, public-health interventions to improve iodine intake in pregnancy need to be country-specific.

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Title: Similarities and differences of dietary and other determinants of iodine status in pregnant women from three European birth cohorts
Authors: Mariana Dineva
Margaret P. Rayman
Deborah Levie
Mònica Guxens
Robin P. Peeters
Jesus Vioque
Llúcia González
Mercedes Espada
Jesús Ibarluzea
Jordi Sunyer
Tim I. M. Korevaar
Sarah C. Bath
Publication date: 01-02-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 1/2020
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01913-w

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