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01-12-2019 | Original Contribution

High dietary intake of palm oils compromises glucose tolerance whereas high dietary intake of olive oil compromises liver lipid metabolism and integrity

Authors: Youzan Ferdinand Djohan, Eric Badia, Beatrice Bonafos, Gilles Fouret, Céline Lauret, Anne-Marie Dupuy, Edith Pinot, Thibault Sutra, Sylvie Gaillet, Karen Lambert, Fabrice Raynaud, Nathalie Gayrard, Bernard Jover, Absalome Aké Monde, Jean Paul Cristol, Charles Coudray, Christine Feillet-Coudray

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 8/2019

Abstract

Purpose

Palm (PO) and olive oils (OO) are the two most consumed and/or used oils in the world for food elaboration. These oils should not be confused with the solid palm stearin which is widely used in pastry making. Large number of studies was reported dealing with adverse/beneficial cardiovascular effects of PO and OO, whereas few studies were conducted to compare their potential effects on hepatic steatosis and liver lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic effects of high intake of POs (both crude and refined) and virgin OO on surrogate parameters of glucose tolerance, hepatic lipid metabolism and liver integrity.

Methods

Thirty-two young male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups and fed either control diet (11% energy from fat) or three high-fat diets rich in crude or refined POs or in OO (56% energy from fat), during 12 weeks. Systemic blood and liver biochemical parameters linked to glucose and lipid metabolism as well as hepatic steatosis and liver fatty acid composition were explored. The inflammation and oxidative stress status as well as the expression of several genes/proteins were also analyzed.

Results

The major effects of POs intake concerned glucose metabolism and liver fatty acid composition, whereas the major effects of OO intake concerned hepatic TG accumulation, inflammation, and cytolysis.

Conclusions

In conclusion, high dietary intake of PO compromises glucose tolerance whereas high dietary intake of OO compromises hepatic lipid composition and liver integrity. However, adverse hepatic effects of OO observed in this study may not be transposed to human since, (a) the rodent model could lead to different effects than those observed in humans and (b) the average normal OO amounts ingested in the population are lower than those corresponding to a high-fat diet. So, further studies are needed to determine a maximum non-invasive dietary intake of OO.

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Title: High dietary intake of palm oils compromises glucose tolerance whereas high dietary intake of olive oil compromises liver lipid metabolism and integrity
Authors: Youzan Ferdinand Djohan
Eric Badia
Beatrice Bonafos
Gilles Fouret
Céline Lauret
Anne-Marie Dupuy
Edith Pinot
Thibault Sutra
Sylvie Gaillet
Karen Lambert
Fabrice Raynaud
Nathalie Gayrard
Bernard Jover
Absalome Aké Monde
Jean Paul Cristol
Charles Coudray
Christine Feillet-Coudray
Publication date: 01-12-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 8/2019
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1854-3

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High dietary intake of palm oils compromises glucose tolerance whereas high dietary intake of olive oil compromises liver lipid metabolism and integrity

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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