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01-06-2019 | Original Contribution

Winter cholecalciferol supplementation at 55°N has little effect on markers of innate immune defense in healthy children aged 4–8 years: a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial

Authors: Hanne Hauger, Christian Ritz, Charlotte Mortensen, Christian Mølgaard, Stine Broeng Metzdorff, Hanne Frøkiær, Camilla Trab Damsgaard

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 4/2019

Abstract

Purpose

We explored the effect of winter cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃) supplementation on innate immune markers in healthy Danish children (55°N).

Methods

In the double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, ODIN Junior, 119 healthy, white, 4–8 year-olds were randomized to 0 (placebo), 10 or 20 µg/day of vitamin D₃ for 20 weeks (October–March). Cheek mucosal swabs, blood samples, and questionnaires on acute respiratory infections the previous month were collected at baseline and endpoint. Innate immune markers were measured as secondary outcomes including in vivo oral mucosal gene expression of calprotectin (S100A9), lipocalin-2 (LCN2), beta-defensin-4 (DEFB4), interleukin-8 (IL-8), viperin (RSAD2), and the cathelicidin-antimicrobial-peptide (CAMP); ex vivo whole-blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cathelicidin, IL-8, and IL-6; and plasma cathelicidin, together with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D].

Results

Serum 25(OH)D was 56.7 ± 12.3 nmol/L at baseline and 31.1 ± 7.5, 61.8 ± 10.6, and 75.8 ± 11.5 nmol/L at endpoint after placebo, 10 and 20 µg/day of vitamin D₃ (P < 0.0001), respectively. A decreased oral mucosal S100A9 expression with placebo [− 18 (95% CI − 1; − 32)%] was marginally avoided with 20 µg/day [6 (− 13; 28)%] (P = 0.06). Likewise, a decreased LPS-induced IL-8 with placebo [− 438 (95% CI − 693; − 184) ng/L] was marginally avoided with 20 µg/day [− 109 (− 374; 157) ng/L] (P = 0.07). All other immune markers and respiratory infection episodes were unaffected by vitamin D₃ supplementation (all P > 0.11).

Conclusions

Winter vitamin D₃ supplementation of 10 µg/day did not affect innate immune markers, whereas 20 µg/day tended to maintain the capacity to produce a few markers in healthy children.

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Title: Winter cholecalciferol supplementation at 55°N has little effect on markers of innate immune defense in healthy children aged 4–8 years: a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hanne Hauger
Christian Ritz
Charlotte Mortensen
Christian Mølgaard
Stine Broeng Metzdorff
Hanne Frøkiær
Camilla Trab Damsgaard
Publication date: 01-06-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1671-8

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Winter cholecalciferol supplementation at 55°N has little effect on markers of innate immune defense in healthy children aged 4–8 years: a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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Abstract

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