Published in:
01-06-2017 | Original Contribution
Dietary patterns and weight change: 15-year longitudinal study in Australian adults
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 4/2017
Login to get accessAbstract
Background
Dietary intake is one of the most modifiable risk factors associated with obesity. However, data on the relationship between dietary patterns and long-term weight change are limited.
Purpose
We therefore investigated the association between dietary patterns and 15-year weight change in a sample of 1186 Australian adults (1992–2007).
Methods
We measured body weight and collected data on socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics in 1992 and 2007. Applying principal component analysis to 38 food groups from a food frequency questionnaire collected at baseline, we identified two dietary patterns: ‘meat-and-fat’ and ‘fruit-and-vegetable.’ Using generalized estimating equations, multivariable regression models, stratified by sex, were adjusted for concurrent changes in socio-demographic and lifestyle variables.
Results
The average increase in body weight of men in the highest tertile of the meat-and-fat pattern was more than twice that of men in the lowest tertile; mean weight change (95 % CI): 4.8 (−0.1, 9.7) kg versus 2.3 (−2.6, 7.1) kg, P-for-trend = 0.02. In contrast, average weight gain of men in the highest tertile of the fruit-and-vegetable pattern was only about half that of men in the lowest tertile; mean weight change (95 % CI): 2.9 (−2.0, 7.8) kg versus 5.4 (−1.5, 10.4) kg, P-for-trend = 0.02. Among women, dietary patterns were not related to weight change.
Conclusions
These dietary patterns predict change in body weight in men, but not in women. In this cohort, a dietary pattern high in fruit and vegetables was related to less weight gain in men than a dietary pattern high in meat and fat.