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European Journal of Nutrition
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition 3/2017

Open Access 01-04-2017 | Original Contribution

Difference in postprandial GLP-1 response despite similar glucose kinetics after consumption of wheat breads with different particle size in healthy men

Authors: Coby Eelderink, Martijn W. J. Noort, Nesli Sozer, Martijn Koehorst, Jens J. Holst, Carolyn F. Deacon, Jens F. Rehfeld, Kaisa Poutanen, Roel J. Vonk, Lizette Oudhuis, Marion G. Priebe

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 3/2017

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Abstract

Purpose

Underlying mechanisms of the beneficial health effects of low glycemic index starchy foods are not fully elucidated yet. We varied the wheat particle size to obtain fiber-rich breads with a high and low glycemic response and investigated the differences in postprandial glucose kinetics and metabolic response after their consumption.

Methods

Ten healthy male volunteers participated in a randomized, crossover study, consuming 13C-enriched breads with different structures; a control bread (CB) made from wheat flour combined with wheat bran, and a kernel bread (KB) where 85 % of flour was substituted with broken wheat kernels. The structure of the breads was characterized extensively. The use of stable isotopes enabled calculation of glucose kinetics: rate of appearance of exogenous glucose, endogenous glucose production, and glucose clearance rate. Additionally, postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, incretins, cholecystokinin, and bile acids were analyzed.

Results

Despite the attempt to obtain a bread with a low glycemic response by replacing flour by broken kernels, the glycemic response and glucose kinetics were quite similar after consumption of CB and KB. Interestingly, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response was much lower after KB compared to CB (iAUC, P < 0.005). A clear postprandial increase in plasma conjugated bile acids was observed after both meals.

Conclusions

Substitution of 85 % wheat flour by broken kernels in bread did not result in a difference in glucose response and kinetics, but in a pronounced difference in GLP-1 response. Thus, changing the processing conditions of wheat for baking bread can influence the metabolic response beyond glycemia and may therefore influence health.
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Metadata
Title
Difference in postprandial GLP-1 response despite similar glucose kinetics after consumption of wheat breads with different particle size in healthy men
Authors
Coby Eelderink
Martijn W. J. Noort
Nesli Sozer
Martijn Koehorst
Jens J. Holst
Carolyn F. Deacon
Jens F. Rehfeld
Kaisa Poutanen
Roel J. Vonk
Lizette Oudhuis
Marion G. Priebe
Publication date
01-04-2017
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 3/2017
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1156-6

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