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Open Access 01-03-2019 | Review

Sex differences in vaccine-induced humoral immunity

Authors: Stephanie Fischinger, Carolyn M. Boudreau, Audrey L. Butler, Hendrik Streeck, Galit Alter

Published in: Seminars in Immunopathology | Issue 2/2019

Abstract

Vaccines are among the most impactful public health interventions, preventing millions of new infections and deaths annually worldwide. However, emerging data suggest that vaccines may not protect all populations equally. Specifically, studies analyzing variation in vaccine-induced immunity have pointed to the critical impact of genetics, the environment, nutrition, the microbiome, and sex in influencing vaccine responsiveness. The significant contribution of sex to modulating vaccine-induced immunity has gained attention over the last years. Specifically, females typically develop higher antibody responses and experience more adverse events following vaccination than males. This enhanced immune reactogenicity among females is thought to render females more resistant to infectious diseases, but conversely also contribute to higher incidence of autoimmunity among women. Dissection of mechanisms which underlie sex differences in vaccine-induced immunity has implicated hormonal, genetic, and microbiota differences across males and females. This review will highlight the importance of sex-dependent differences in vaccine-induced immunity and specifically will address the role of sex as a modulator of humoral immunity, key to long-term pathogen-specific protection.

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Title: Sex differences in vaccine-induced humoral immunity
Authors: Stephanie Fischinger
Carolyn M. Boudreau
Audrey L. Butler
Hendrik Streeck
Galit Alter
Publication date: 01-03-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Seminars in Immunopathology / Issue 2/2019
Print ISSN: 1863-2297
Electronic ISSN: 1863-2300
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-018-0726-5

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