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Published in: Seminars in Immunopathology 2/2019

01-03-2019 | Review

Sexual dimorphism in solid and hematological malignancies

Authors: Isabel Ben-Batalla, María Elena Vargas-Delgado, Lara Meier, Sonja Loges

Published in: Seminars in Immunopathology | Issue 2/2019

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Abstract

Cancer represents a leading cause of death with continuously increasing incidence worldwide. Many solid cancer types in non-reproductive organs are significantly more frequent and deadly in males compared to females. This sex-biased difference is also present in hematologic malignancies. In this review, we present an overview about sex differences in cancer with a focus on leukemia. We discuss mechanisms potentially underlying the observed sex-biased imbalance in cancer incidence and outcome including sex hormones, sex chromosomes, and immune responses. Besides affecting the pathobiology of cancers, sex differences can also influence drug responses, most notably those to immune checkpoint blockers. Therefore, sex should become a relevant factor in clinical trial design in order to avoid over- or under-treatment of one sex.
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Metadata
Title
Sexual dimorphism in solid and hematological malignancies
Authors
Isabel Ben-Batalla
María Elena Vargas-Delgado
Lara Meier
Sonja Loges
Publication date
01-03-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Seminars in Immunopathology / Issue 2/2019
Print ISSN: 1863-2297
Electronic ISSN: 1863-2300
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-018-0724-7

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