Isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery

Dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) not associated with aortic dissection is rare. The purpose of this study is to describe the computed tomographic (CT) findings of this condition. We studied the CT findings of six patients with isolated dissection of the SMA. CT demonstrated thrombosis of the false lumen or intramural hematoma (n = 4) and/or intimal flap (n = 4) in all six patients. Other CT findings were enlarged diameter of the SMA (n = 5), increased attenuation of the fat around the SMA (n = 5), and hematoma in the mesentery with hemorrhagic ascites (n = 1). CT is useful for the diagnosis of isolated dissection of the SMA, and increased attenuation of the fat around the artery is considered the key to the diagnosis when no definite findings are evident.