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European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 5/2019

01-05-2019 | Metformin | Original Article

Obligatory role of endoplasmic reticulum in brain FDG uptake

Authors: Vanessa Cossu, Cecilia Marini, Patrizia Piccioli, Anna Rocchi, Silvia Bruno, Anna Maria Orengo, Laura Emionite, Matteo Bauckneht, Federica Grillo, Selene Capitanio, Enrica Balza, Nikola Yosifov, Patrizia Castellani, Giacomo Caviglia, Isabella Panfoli, Silvia Morbelli, Silvia Ravera, Fabio Benfenati, Gianmario Sambuceti

Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Issue 5/2019

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Abstract

Purpose

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains hexose-6P-dehydrogenase (H6PD). This enzyme competes with glucose-6P-phosphatase for processing a variety of phosphorylated hexoses including 2DG-6P. The present study aimed to verify whether this ER glucose-processing machinery contributes to brain FDG uptake.

Methods

Effect of the H6PD inhibitor metformin on brain 18F-FDG accumulation was studied, in vivo, by microPET imaging. These data were complemented with the in vitro estimation of the lumped constant (LC). Finally, reticular accumulation of the fluorescent 2DG analogue 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2NBDG) and its response to metformin was studied by confocal microscopy in cultured neurons and astrocytes.

Results

Metformin halved brain 18F-FDG accumulation without altering whole body tracer clearance. Ex vivo, this same response faced the doubling of both glucose consumption and lactate release. The consequent fall in LC was not explained by any change in expression or activity of its theoretical determinants (GLUTs, hexokinases, glucose-6P-phosphatase), while it agreed with the drug-induced inhibition of H6PD function. In vitro, 2NBDG accumulation selectively involved the ER lumen and correlated with H6PD activity being higher in neurons than in astrocytes, despite a lower glucose consumption.

Conclusions

The activity of the reticular enzyme H6PD profoundly contributes to brain 18F-FDG uptake. These data challenge the current dogma linking 2DG/FDG uptake to the glycolytic rate and introduce a new model to explain the link between 18-FDG uptake and neuronal activity.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Obligatory role of endoplasmic reticulum in brain FDG uptake
Authors
Vanessa Cossu
Cecilia Marini
Patrizia Piccioli
Anna Rocchi
Silvia Bruno
Anna Maria Orengo
Laura Emionite
Matteo Bauckneht
Federica Grillo
Selene Capitanio
Enrica Balza
Nikola Yosifov
Patrizia Castellani
Giacomo Caviglia
Isabella Panfoli
Silvia Morbelli
Silvia Ravera
Fabio Benfenati
Gianmario Sambuceti
Publication date
01-05-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword
Metformin
Published in
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Issue 5/2019
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Electronic ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-4254-2

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