Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 7/2018

Open Access 01-07-2018 | Review Article

FDG-PET/CT(A) imaging in large vessel vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica: joint procedural recommendation of the EANM, SNMMI, and the PET Interest Group (PIG), and endorsed by the ASNC

Authors: Riemer H. J. A. Slart, Writing group, Reviewer group, Members of EANM Cardiovascular, Members of EANM Infection & Inflammation, Members of Committees, SNMMI Cardiovascular, Members of Council, PET Interest Group, Members of ASNC, EANM Committee Coordinator

Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Issue 7/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Large vessel vasculitis (LVV) is defined as a disease mainly affecting the large arteries, with two major variants, Takayasu arteritis (TA) and giant cell arteritis (GCA). GCA often coexists with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in the same patient, since both belong to the same disease spectrum. FDG-PET/CT is a functional imaging technique which is an established tool in oncology, and has also demonstrated a role in the field of inflammatory diseases. Functional FDG-PET combined with anatomical CT angiography, FDG-PET/CT(A), may be of synergistic value for optimal diagnosis, monitoring of disease activity, and evaluating damage progression in LVV. There are currently no guidelines regarding PET imaging acquisition for LVV and PMR, even though standardization is of the utmost importance in order to facilitate clinical studies and for daily clinical practice. This work constitutes a joint procedural recommendation on FDG-PET/CT(A) imaging in large vessel vasculitis (LVV) and PMR from the Cardiovascular and Inflammation & Infection Committees of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), the Cardiovascular Council of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI), and the PET Interest Group (PIG), and endorsed by the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (ASNC). The aim of this joint paper is to provide recommendations and statements, based on the available evidence in the literature and consensus of experts in the field, for patient preparation, and FDG-PET/CT(A) acquisition and interpretation for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with suspected or diagnosed LVV and/or PMR. This position paper aims to set an internationally accepted standard for FDG-PET/CT(A) imaging and reporting of LVV and PMR.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, Basu N, Cid MC, Ferrario F, et al. 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:1–11.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Carmona FD, Coit P, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Cid MC, Solans R, et al. Analysis of the common genetic component of large-vessel vasculitides through a meta-Immunochip strategy. Sci Rep. 2017;7:43953.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Langford CA, Cuthbertson D, Ytterberg SR, Khalidi N, Monach PA, Carette S, et al. A randomized, double-blind trial of Abatacept (CTLA-4Ig) for the treatment of Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69:846–53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Langford CA, Cuthbertson D, Ytterberg SR, Khalidi N, Monach PA, Carette S, et al. A randomized, double-blind trial of Abatacept (CTLA-4Ig) for the treatment of Giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69:837–45.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Gravanis MB. Giant cell arteritis and Takayasu aortitis: morphologic, pathogenetic and etiologic factors. Int J Cardiol. 2000;75(Suppl 1):S21–33.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, Clark TM, Hoffman GS. Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis: a spectrum within the same disease? Medicine (Baltimore). 2009;88:221–6.CrossRef
7.
Blockmans D, Stroobants S, Maes A, Mortelmans L. Positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: evidence for inflammation of the aortic arch. Am J Med. 2000;108:246–9.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Ernst D, Baerlecken NT, Schmidt RE, Witte T. Large vessel vasculitis and spondyloarthritis: coincidence or associated diseases? Scand J Rheumatol. 2014;43:246–8.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Kubota R, Yamada S, Kubota K, Ishiwata K, Tamahashi N, Ido T. Intratumoral distribution of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in vivo: high accumulation in macrophages and granulation tissues studied by microautoradiography. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:1972–80.PubMed
10.
Cimmino MA, Zampogna G, Parodi M. Is FDG-PET useful in the evaluation of steroid-resistant PMR patients? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47:926–7.CrossRef
11.
Lavado-Perez C, Martinez-Rodriguez I, Martinez-Amador N, Banzo I, Quirce R, Jimenez-Bonilla J, et al. (18)F-FDG-PET/CT for the detection of large vessel vasculitis in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2015;34:275–81.PubMed
12.
Moosig F, Czech N, Mehl C, Henze E, Zeuner RA, Kneba M, et al. Correlation between 18-fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in large vessels and serological markers of inflammation in polymyalgia rheumatica: a quantitative PET study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:870–3.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Rehak Z, Vasina J, Nemec P, Fojtik Z, Koukalova R, Bortlicek Z, et al. Various forms of (18)F-FDG-PET and PET/CT findings in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2015;159:629–36.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Einspieler I, Thurmel K, Pyka T, Eiber M, Wolfram S, Moog P, et al. Imaging large vessel vasculitis with fully integrated PET/MRI: a pilot study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;42:1012–24.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Loffler C, Hoffend J, Benck U, Kramer BK, Bergner R. The value of ultrasound in diagnosing extracranial large-vessel vasculitis compared to FDG-PET/CT: a retrospective study. Clin Rheumatol. 2017;
16.
Lie JT. Aortic and extracranial large vessel giant cell arteritis: a review of 72 cases with histopathologic documentation. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1995;24:422–31.CrossRefPubMed
17.
De BH, Dumont A, Liozon E, Lambert M, Boutemy J, Maigne G et al. Giant-cell arteritis: concordance study between aortic CT angiography and FDG-PET/CT in detection of large-vessel involvement. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017.
18.
Blockmans D, Bley T, Schmidt W. Imaging for large-vessel vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2009;21:19–28.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Both M, Ahmadi-Simab K, Reuter M, Dourvos O, Fritzer E, Ullrich S, et al. MRI and FDG-PET in the assessment of inflammatory aortic arch syndrome in complicated courses of giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:1030–3.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Dasgupta B. Concise guidance: diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis. Clin Med (Lond). 2010;10:381–6.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Forster S, Tato F, Weiss M, Czihal M, Rominger A, Bartenstein P, et al. Patterns of extracranial involvement in newly diagnosed giant cell arteritis assessed by physical examination, colour coded duplex sonography and FDG-PET. Vasa. 2011;40:219–27.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Pipitone N, Versari A, Salvarani C. Role of imaging studies in the diagnosis and follow-up of large-vessel vasculitis: an update. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47:403–8.CrossRef
23.
24.
Ben-Haim S, Gacinovic S, Israel O. Cardiovascular infection and inflammation. Semin Nucl Med. 2009;39:103–14.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Lensen KD, Comans EF, Voskuyl AE, van der Laken CJ, Brouwer E, Zwijnenburg AT, et al. Large-vessel vasculitis: interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:914692.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Boellaard R, Delgado-Bolton R, Oyen WJ, Giammarile F, Tatsch K, Eschner W, et al. FDG-PET/CT: EANM procedure guidelines for tumour imaging: version 2.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;42:328–54.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Jamar F, Buscombe J, Chiti A, Christian PE, Delbeke D, Donohoe KJ, et al. EANM/SNMMI guideline for 18F-FDG use in inflammation and infection. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:647–58.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Maleszewski JJ, Younge BR, Fritzlen JT, Hunder GG, Goronzy JJ, Warrington KJ, et al. Clinical and pathological evolution of giant cell arteritis: a prospective study of follow-up temporal artery biopsies in 40 treated patients. Mod Pathol. 2017;
29.
van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Vanhommerig JW, Smulders NM, Drossaerts JM, Kemerink GJ, Bouvy ND, et al. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1500–8.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Parysow O, Mollerach AM, Jager V, Racioppi S, San RJ, Gerbaudo VH. Low-dose oral propranolol could reduce brown adipose tissue F-18 FDG uptake in patients undergoing PET scans. Clin Nucl Med. 2007;32:351–7.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Chareonthaitawee P, Beanlands RS, Chen W, Dorbala S, Miller EJ, Murthy VL et al. Joint SNMMI-ASNC expert consensus document on the role of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in cardiac sarcoid detection and therapy monitoring. J Nucl Cardiol 2017.
32.
Dorbala S, Di Carli MF, Delbeke D, Abbara S, DePuey EG, Dilsizian V, et al. SNMMI/ASNC/SCCT guideline for cardiac SPECT/CT and PET/CT 1.0. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:1485–507.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Rabkin Z, Israel O, Keidar Z. Do hyperglycemia and diabetes affect the incidence of false-negative 18F-FDG-PET/CT studies in patients evaluated for infection or inflammation and cancer? A comparative analysis. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:1015–20.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zhuang HM, Cortes-Blanco A, Pourdehnad M, Adam LE, Yamamoto AJ, Martinez-Lazaro R, et al. Do high glucose levels have differential effect on FDG uptake in inflammatory and malignant disorders? Nucl Med Commun. 2001;22:1123–8.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Bucerius J, Mani V, Moncrieff C, Machac J, Fuster V, Farkouh ME, et al. Optimizing 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging of vessel wall inflammation: the impact of 18F-FDG circulation time, injected dose, uptake parameters, and fasting blood glucose levels. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:369–83.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Wahl RL, Henry CA, Ethier SP. Serum glucose: effects on tumor and normal tissue accumulation of 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in rodents with mammary carcinoma. Radiology. 1992;183:643–7.CrossRefPubMed
37.
38.
Prieto-Gonzalez S, Depetris M, Garcia-Martinez A, Espigol-Frigole G, Tavera-Bahillo I, Corbera-Bellata M, et al. Positron emission tomography assessment of large vessel inflammation in patients with newly diagnosed, biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis: a prospective, case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1388–92.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Prieto-Gonzalez S, Garcia-Martinez A, Tavera-Bahillo I, Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Gutierrez-Chacoff J, Alba MA, et al. Effect of glucocorticoid treatment on computed tomography angiography detected large-vessel inflammation in giant-cell arteritis. A prospective, longitudinal study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e486.CrossRefPubMedCentral
40.
Stellingwerff MD, Brouwer E, Lensen KJ, Rutgers A, Arends S, van der Geest KS, et al. Different scoring methods of FDG-PET/CT in Giant cell arteritis: need for standardization. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e1542.CrossRef
41.
Tawakol A, Migrino RQ, Bashian GG, Bedri S, Vermylen D, Cury RC, et al. In vivo 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging provides a noninvasive measure of carotid plaque inflammation in patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1818–24.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Blomberg BA, Bashyam A, Ramachandran A, Gholami S, Houshmand S, Salavati A, et al. Quantifying [(1)(8)F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the arterial wall: the effects of dual time-point imaging and partial volume effect correction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;42:1414–22.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Martinez-Rodriguez I, Martinez-Amador N, Banzo I, Quirce R, Jimenez-Bonilla J, De Arcocha-Torres M, et al. Assessment of aortitis by semiquantitative analysis of 180-min 18F-FDG-PET/CT acquisition images. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:2319–24.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Bucerius J, Hyafil F, Verberne HJ, Slart RH, Lindner O, Sciagra R, et al. Position paper of the cardiovascular Committee of the European Association of nuclear medicine (EANM) on PET imaging of atherosclerosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016;43:780–92.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Yamada I, Nakagawa T, Himeno Y, Numano F, Shibuya H. Takayasu arteritis: evaluation of the thoracic aorta with CT angiography. Radiology. 1998;209:103–9.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Huet P, Burg S, Le GD, Hyafil F, Buvat I. Variability and uncertainty of 18F-FDG-PET imaging protocols for assessing inflammation in atherosclerosis: suggestions for improvement. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:552–9.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Blockmans D, Maes A, Stroobants S, Nuyts J, Bormans G, Knockaert D, et al. New arguments for a vasculitic nature of polymyalgia rheumatica using positron emission tomography. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999;38:444–7.CrossRef
48.
Lehmann P, Buchtala S, Achajew N, Haerle P, Ehrenstein B, Lighvani H, et al. 18F-FDG-PET as a diagnostic procedure in large vessel vasculitis-a controlled, blinded re-examination of routine PET scans. Clin Rheumatol. 2011;30:37–42.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Bleeker-Rovers CP, Bredie SJ, van der Meer JW, Corstens FH, Oyen WJ. F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in diagnosis and follow-up of patients with different types of vasculitis. Neth J Med. 2003;61:323–9.PubMed
50.
Czihal M, Tato F, Forster S, Rademacher A, Schulze-Koops H, Hoffmann U. Fever of unknown origin as initial manifestation of large vessel giant cell arteritis: diagnosis by colour-coded sonography and 18-FDG-PET. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28:549–52.PubMed
51.
de Leeuw K, Bijl M, Jager PL. Additional value of positron emission tomography in diagnosis and follow-up of patients with large vessel vasculitides. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2004;22:S21–6.PubMed
52.
Fuchs M, Briel M, Daikeler T, Walker UA, Rasch H, Berg S, et al. The impact of 18F-FDG-PET on the management of patients with suspected large vessel vasculitis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:344–53.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Henes JC, Muller M, Krieger J, Balletshofer B, Pfannenberg AC, Kanz L, et al. [18F] FDG-PET/CT as a new and sensitive imaging method for the diagnosis of large vessel vasculitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008;26:S47–52.PubMed
54.
Hooisma GA, Balink H, Houtman PM, Slart RH, Lensen KD. Parameters related to a positive test result for FDG-PET(/CT) for large vessel vasculitis: a multicenter retrospective study. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31:861–71.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Meller J, Strutz F, Siefker U, Scheel A, Sahlmann CO, Lehmann K, et al. Early diagnosis and follow-up of aortitis with [(18)F]FDG-PET and MRI. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2003;30:730–6.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Morinobu A, Tsuji G, Kasagi S, Saegusa J, Hayashi H, Nakazawa T, et al. Role of imaging studies in the diagnosis and evaluation of giant cell arteritis in Japanese: report of eight cases. Mod Rheumatol. 2011;21:391–6.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Scheel AK, Meller J, Vosshenrich R, Kohlhoff E, Siefker U, Muller GA, et al. Diagnosis and follow up of aortitis in the elderly. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:1507–10.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Walter MA, Melzer RA, Schindler C, Muller-Brand J, Tyndall A, Nitzsche EU. The value of [18F]FDG-PET in the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis and the assessment of activity and extent of disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2005;32:674–81.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Blockmans D, De CL, Vanderschueren S, Knockaert D, Mortelmans L, Bobbaers H. Repetitive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: a prospective study of 35 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55:131–7.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Blockmans D, De CL, Vanderschueren S, Knockaert D, Mortelmans L, Bobbaers H. Repetitive 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in isolated polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective study in 35 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46:672–7.CrossRef
61.
Hautzel H, Sander O, Heinzel A, Schneider M, Muller HW. Assessment of large-vessel involvement in giant cell arteritis with 18F-FDG-PET: introducing an ROC-analysis-based cutoff ratio. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:1107–13.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Besson FL, De BH, Parienti JJ, Bouvard G, Bienvenu B, Agostini D. Towards an optimal semiquantitative approach in giant cell arteritis: an (18)F-FDG-PET/CT case-control study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:155–66.CrossRefPubMed
63.
Andrews J, Al-Nahhas A, Pennell DJ, Hossain MS, Davies KA, Haskard DO, et al. Non-invasive imaging in the diagnosis and management of Takayasu's arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:995–1000.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
64.
Arnaud L, Haroche J, Malek Z, Archambaud F, Gambotti L, Grimon G, et al. Is (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning a reliable way to assess disease activity in Takayasu arteritis? Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60:1193–200.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Karapolat I, Kalfa M, Keser G, Yalcin M, Inal V, Kumanlioglu K, et al. Comparison of F18-FDG-PET/CT findings with current clinical disease status in patients with Takayasu's arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013;31:S15–21.PubMed
66.
Lee KH, Cho A, Choi YJ, Lee SW, Ha YJ, Jung SJ, et al. The role of (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in the assessment of disease activity in patients with takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:866–75.CrossRefPubMed
67.
Lee SG, Ryu JS, Kim HO, Oh JS, Kim YG, Lee CK, et al. Evaluation of disease activity using F-18 FDG-PET-CT in patients with Takayasu arteritis. Clin Nucl Med. 2009;34:749–52.CrossRefPubMed
68.
Santhosh S, Mittal BR, Gayana S, Bhattacharya A, Sharma A, Jain S. F-18 FDG-PET/CT in the evaluation of Takayasu arteritis: an experience from the tropics. J Nucl Cardiol. 2014;21:993–1000.CrossRefPubMed
69.
Webb M, Chambers A, Al-Nahhas A, Mason JC, Maudlin L, Rahman L, et al. The role of 18F-FDG-PET in characterising disease activity in Takayasu arteritis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004;31:627–34.CrossRefPubMed
70.
Tezuka D, Haraguchi G, Ishihara T, Ohigashi H, Inagaki H, Suzuki J, et al. Role of FDG-PET-CT in Takayasu arteritis: sensitive detection of recurrences. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:422–9.CrossRefPubMed
71.
Alibaz-Oner F, Dede F, Ones T, Turoglu HT, Direskeneli H. Patients with Takayasu's arteritis having persistent acute-phase response usually have an increased major vessel uptake by 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Mod Rheumatol. 2015;25:752–5.CrossRefPubMed
72.
Kobayashi Y, Ishii K, Oda K, Nariai T, Tanaka Y, Ishiwata K, et al. Aortic wall inflammation due to Takayasu arteritis imaged with 18F-FDG-PET coregistered with enhanced CT. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:917–22.PubMed
73.
Soussan M, Nicolas P, Schramm C, Katsahian S, Pop G, Fain O, et al. Management of large-vessel vasculitis with FDG-PET: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e622.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
74.
Cimmino MA, Camellino D, Paparo F, Morbelli S, Massollo M, Cutolo M, et al. High frequency of capsular knee involvement in polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis patients studied by positron emission tomography. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52:1865–72.CrossRef
75.
Rehak Z, Szturz P. Comment on: FDG-PET in the early diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:579–80.CrossRefPubMed
76.
Ben-Haim S, Kupzov E, Tamir A, Israel O. Evaluation of 18F-FDG uptake and arterial wall calcifications using 18F-FDG-PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:1816–21.PubMed
77.
Dunphy MP, Freiman A, Larson SM, Strauss HW. Association of vascular 18F-FDG uptake with vascular calcification. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:1278–84.PubMed
78.
Rudd JH, Myers KS, Bansilal S, Machac J, Pinto CA, Tong C, et al. Atherosclerosis inflammation imaging with 18F-FDG-PET: carotid, iliac, and femoral uptake reproducibility, quantification methods, and recommendations. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:871–8.CrossRefPubMed
79.
80.
Gholami S, Salavati A, Houshmand S, Werner TJ, Alavi A. Assessment of atherosclerosis in large vessel walls: a comprehensive review of FDG-PET/CT image acquisition protocols and methods for uptake quantification. J Nucl Cardiol. 2015;22:468–79.CrossRefPubMed
81.
Lensen KDF, van Sijl AM, Voskuyl AE, van der Laken CJ, Heymans MW, Comans EFI, et al. Variability in quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation using 18F-FDG-PET/CT. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0181847.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
82.
Lariviere D, Benali K, Coustet B, Pasi N, Hyafil F, Klein I, et al. Positron emission tomography and computed tomography angiography for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: a real-life prospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e4146.CrossRef
83.
Yamashita H, Kubota K, Takahashi Y, Minaminoto R, Morooka M, Ito K, et al. Whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients with active polymyalgia rheumatica: evidence for distinctive bursitis and large-vessel vasculitis. Mod Rheumatol. 2012;22:705–11.CrossRefPubMed
84.
Castellani M, Vadrucci M, Florimonte L, Caronni M, Benti R, Bonara P. 18F-FDG uptake in main arterial branches of patients with large vessel vasculitis: visual and semiquantitative analysis. Ann Nucl Med. 2016;30:409–20.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Rozzanigo U, Pellegrin A, Centonze M, Casagranda G, Erini M, Donner D. Diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis using [18F]-FDG-PET-CT. Radiol Med. 2013;118:633–47.CrossRefPubMed
86.
Lee YH, Choi SJ, Ji JD, Song GG. Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT for large vessel vasculitis : a meta-analysis. Z Rheumatol. 2016;75:924–31.CrossRefPubMed
87.
Besson FL, Parienti JJ, Bienvenu B, Prior JO, Costo S, Bouvard G, et al. Diagnostic performance of (1)(8)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;38:1764–72.CrossRefPubMed
88.
Cheng Y, Lv N, Wang Z, Chen B, Dang A. 18-FDG-PET in assessing disease activity in Takayasu arteritis: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013;31:S22–7.PubMed
89.
Kerr GS, Hallahan CW, Giordano J, Leavitt RY, Fauci AS, Rottem M, et al. Takayasu arteritis. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:919–29.CrossRefPubMed
90.
Hunder GG, Arend WP, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH, Fauci AS, Fries JF, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis. Introduction Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:1065–7.CrossRefPubMed
91.
Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C, Bossone E, Bartolomeo RD, Eggebrecht H, et al. 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. The task force for the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2873–926.CrossRefPubMed
92.
93.
Halliburton SS, Abbara S, Chen MY, Gentry R, Mahesh M, Raff GL, et al. SCCT guidelines on radiation dose and dose-optimization strategies in cardiovascular CT. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2011;5:198–224.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
94.
Klink T, Obmann V, Heverhagen J, Stork A, Adam G, Begemann P. Reducing CT radiation dose with iterative reconstruction algorithms: the influence of scan and reconstruction parameters on image quality and CTDIvol. Eur J Radiol. 2014;83:1645–54.CrossRefPubMed
95.
Agard C, Barrier JH, Dupas B, Ponge T, Mahr A, Fradet G, et al. Aortic involvement in recent-onset giant cell (temporal) arteritis: a case-control prospective study using helical aortic computed tomodensitometric scan. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59:670–6.CrossRefPubMed
96.
Prieto-Gonzalez S, Arguis P, Garcia-Martinez A, Espigol-Frigole G, Tavera-Bahillo I, Butjosa M, et al. Large vessel involvement in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis: prospective study in 40 newly diagnosed patients using CT angiography. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71:1170–6.CrossRefPubMed
97.
Bertagna F, Bosio G, Caobelli F, Motta F, Biasiotto G, Giubbini R. Role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for therapy evaluation of patients with large-vessel vasculitis. Jpn J Radiol. 2010;28:199–204.CrossRefPubMed
98.
Muto G, Yamashita H, Takahashi Y, Miyata Y, Morooka M, Minamimoto R, et al. Large vessel vasculitis in elderly patients: early diagnosis and steroid-response evaluation with FDG-PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT. Rheumatol Int. 2014;34:1545–54.CrossRefPubMed
99.
Camellino D, Morbelli S, Sambuceti G, Cimmino MA. Methotrexate treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis-associated large vessel vasculitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28:288–9.PubMed
100.
Henes JC, Mueller M, Pfannenberg C, Kanz L, Koetter I. Cyclophosphamide for large vessel vasculitis: assessment of response by PET/CT. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2011;29:S43–8.PubMed
101.
Visvanathan S, Rahman MU, Hoffman GS, Xu S, Garcia-Martinez A, Segarra M, et al. Tissue and serum markers of inflammation during the follow-up of patients with giant-cell arteritis--a prospective longitudinal study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50:2061–70.CrossRef
102.
Corbera-Bellalta M, Garcia-Martinez A, Lozano E, Planas-Rigol E, Tavera-Bahillo I, Alba MA, et al. Changes in biomarkers after therapeutic intervention in temporal arteries cultured in Matrigel: a new model for preclinical studies in giant-cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:616–23.CrossRefPubMed
103.
Brack A, Rittner HL, Younge BR, Kaltschmidt C, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of cytokine gene transcription in human arteritis-SCID chimeras. J Clin Invest. 1997;99:2842–50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
104.
Palard-Novello X, Querellou S, Gouillou M, Saraux A, Marhadour T, Garrigues F, et al. Value of (18)F-FDG-PET/CT for therapeutic assessment of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica receiving tocilizumab as first-line treatment. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016;43:773–9.CrossRefPubMed
105.
Misra DP, Shenoy SN. Cardiac involvement in primary systemic vasculitis and potential drug therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk. Rheumatol Int. 2017;37:151–67.CrossRefPubMed
106.
Einspieler I, Thurmel K, Eiber M. Fully integrated whole-body [18F]-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in therapy monitoring of giant cell arteritis. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:576.CrossRefPubMed
107.
Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Duftner C, Besson FL, Bley TA, Blockmans D et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018.
108.
Metadata
Title
FDG-PET/CT(A) imaging in large vessel vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica: joint procedural recommendation of the EANM, SNMMI, and the PET Interest Group (PIG), and endorsed by the ASNC
Authors
Riemer H. J. A. Slart
Writing group
Reviewer group
Members of EANM Cardiovascular
Members of EANM Infection & Inflammation
Members of Committees, SNMMI Cardiovascular
Members of Council, PET Interest Group
Members of ASNC
EANM Committee Coordinator
Publication date
01-07-2018
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Issue 7/2018
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Electronic ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-3973-8

Other articles of this Issue 7/2018

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 7/2018 Go to the issue

Original Article

18F-FDG-PET/CT based total metabolic tumor volume change during neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicts outcome in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

Original Article

Cardiac denervation evidenced by MIBG occurs earlier than amyloid deposits detection by diphosphonate scintigraphy in TTR mutation carriers

Original Article

Multiparametric PET/MR imaging biomarkers are associated with overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer

Reply

Reply: Should we assess repeatability of PET quantitative uptake measurements of each 18F-labelled tracer?

Original Article

Biological tumour volumes of gliomas in early and standard 20–40 min 18F-FET PET images differ according to IDH mutation status

Original Article

PRRT genomic signature in blood for prediction of 177Lu-octreotate efficacy