Top

Published in:

01-09-2015 | Advances in Pediatric Neuroradiology

Congenital spine anomalies: the closed spinal dysraphisms

Authors: Erin Simon Schwartz, Andrea Rossi

Published in: Pediatric Radiology | Special Issue 3/2015

Abstract

The term congenital spinal anomalies encompasses a wide variety of dysmorphology that occurs during early development. Familiarity with current terminology and a practical, clinico–radiologic classification system allows the radiologist to have a more complete understanding of malformations of the spine and improves accuracy of diagnosis when these entities are encountered in practice.

Tortori-Donati P, Rossi A, Cama A (2000) Spinal dysraphism: a review of neuroradiological features with embryological correlations and proposal for a new classification. Neuroradiology 42:471–491CrossRefPubMed

Rossi A, Gandolfo C, Morana G et al (2006) Current classification and imaging of congenital spinal abnormalities. Semin Roentgenol 41:250–273CrossRefPubMed

Warder DE (2001) Tethered cord syndrome and occult spinal dysraphism. Neurosurg Focus 10, e1CrossRefPubMed

Drolet B (1998) Birthmarks to worry about. Cutaneous markers of dysraphism. Dermatol Clin 16:447–453CrossRefPubMed

French BN (1983) The embryology of spinal dysraphism. Clin Neurosurg 30:295–340PubMed

Warder DE, Oakes WJ (1993) Tethered cord syndrome and the conus in a normal position. Neurosurgery 33:374–378CrossRefPubMed

Warder DE, Oakes WJ (1994) Tethered cord syndrome: the low-lying and normally positioned conus. Neurosurgery 34:597–600CrossRefPubMed

Herman JM, McLone DG, Storrs BB et al (1993) Analysis of 153 patients with myelomeningocele or spinal lipoma reoperated upon for a tethered cord. Pediatr Neurosurg 19:243–249CrossRefPubMed

McLone DG, Dias MS (1991) Complications of myelomeningocele closure. Pediatr Neurosurg 17:267–273CrossRefPubMed

10.

Scott RM, Wolpert SM, Bartoshesky LF et al (1986) Dermoid tumors occurring at the site of previous myelomeningocele repair. J Neurosurg 65:779–783CrossRefPubMed

11.

Naidich TP, McLone DG, Mutleur S (1983) A new understanding of dorsal dysraphism with lipoma (lipomyeloschisis): radiological evaluation and surgical correction. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 4:103–116

12.

Knittle JL, Timmers K, Ginsberg-Fellner F et al (1979) The growth of adipose tissue in children and adolescents. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of adipose cell number and size. J Clin Invest 63:239–246CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

13.

Smith NM, Chambers HM, Furness ME et al (1992) The OEIS complex omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects: recurrence in sibs. J Med Genet 29:730–732CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

14.

Rossi A, Piatelli G, Gandolfo C et al (2006) Spectrum of nonterminal myelocystoceles. Neurosurgery 58:509–515CrossRefPubMed

15.

Tortori-Donati P, Cama A, Rosa ML et al (1990) Occult spinal dysraphism: neuroradiological study. Neuroradiology 31:512–522CrossRefPubMed

16.

Raghavan N, Barkovich AJ, Edwards M et al (1989) MR imaging in the tethered spinal cord syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 10:27–36

17.

Brown E, Matthes JC, Bazan C 3rd et al (1994) Prevalence of incidental intraspinal lipoma of the lumbosacral spine as determined by MRI. Spine 19:833–836CrossRefPubMed

18.

Uchino A, Mori T, Ohno M (1991) Thickened fatty filum terminale: MR imaging. Neuroradiology 33:331–333CrossRefPubMed

19.

Yundt KD, Park TS, Kaufman BA (1997) Normal diameter of filum terminale in children: in vivo measurement. Pediatr Neurosurg 27:257–259CrossRefPubMed

20.

Scotti G, Harwood-Nash DC (1980) Congenital thoracic dermal sinus: diagnosis by computer assisted metrizamide myelography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 4:675–677CrossRefPubMed

21.

Barkovich AJ, Edwards MS, Cogen PH (1991) MR evaluation of spinal dermal sinus tracts in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 12:123–129PubMed

22.

Elton S, Oakes WJ (2001) Dermal sinus tracts of the spine. Neurosurg Focus 10, e4CrossRefPubMed

23.

Coleman LT, Zimmerman RA, Rorke LB (1985) Ventriculus terminalis of the conus medullaris: MR findings in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16:1421–1426

24.

Pang D, Dias MS, Ahab-Barmada M (1992) Split cord malformation. Part I: a unified theory of embryogenesis for double spinal cord malformations. Neurosurgery 31:451–480CrossRefPubMed

25.

Pang D (1992) Split cord malformation. Part II: clinical syndrome. Neurosurgery 31:481–500CrossRefPubMed

26.

Tortori-Donati P, Rossi A, Biancheri R et al (2005) Congenital malformations of the spine and spinal cord. In: Tortori-Donati P (ed) Pediatric neuroradiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 1551–1608CrossRef

27.

Duhamel B (1961) From the mermaid to anal imperforation: the syndrome of caudal regression. Arch Dis Child 36:152–155CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

28.

Currarino G, Coln D, Votteler T (1981) Triad of anorectal, sacral, and presacral anomalies. AJR Am J Roentgenol 137:395–398CrossRefPubMed

29.

Dias MS, Azizkhan RG (1998) A novel embryogenetic mechanism for Currarino’s triad: inadequate dorsoventral separation of the caudal eminence from hindgut endoderm. Pediatr Neurosurg 28:223–229CrossRefPubMed

30.

Gudinchet F, Maeder P, Laurent T et al (1997) Magnetic resonance detection of myelodysplasia in children with Currarino triad. Pediatr Radiol 27:903–907CrossRefPubMed

31.

Nievelstein RAJ, Valk J, Smit LME et al (1994) MR of the caudal regression syndrome: embryologic implications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 15:1021–1029PubMed

32.

Pang D (1993) Sacral agenesis and caudal spinal cord malformations. Neurosurgery 32:755–779CrossRefPubMed

33.

Barkovich AJ, Raghavan N, Chuang SH (1989) MR of lumbosacral agenesis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 10:1223–1231PubMed

34.

Tortori-Donati P, Fondelli MP, Rossi A et al (1999) Segmental spinal dysgenesis. Neuroradiologic findings with clinical and embryologic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:445–456PubMed

Title: Congenital spine anomalies: the closed spinal dysraphisms
Authors: Erin Simon Schwartz
Andrea Rossi
Publication date: 01-09-2015
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Pediatric Radiology / Issue Special Issue 3/2015
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-015-3425-6

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Congenital spine anomalies: the closed spinal dysraphisms

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Special Issue 3/2015

Pediatric brain tumors

Review of diffusion tensor imaging and its application in children

Neurosonography: in pursuit of an optimized examination

Introduction to ‘Advances in Pediatric Neuroradiology’

Central nervous system injury in utero: selected entities

Pediatric applications of functional magnetic resonance imaging