Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-01-2016 | Review

Effects of Dairy Products Consumption on Health: Benefits and Beliefs—A Commentary from the Belgian Bone Club and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases

Authors: Serge Rozenberg, Jean-Jacques Body, Olivier Bruyère, Pierre Bergmann, Maria Luisa Brandi, Cyrus Cooper, Jean-Pierre Devogelaer, Evelien Gielen, Stefan Goemaere, Jean-Marc Kaufman, René Rizzoli, Jean-Yves Reginster

Published in: Calcified Tissue International | Issue 1/2016

Abstract

Dairy products provide a package of essential nutrients that is difficult to obtain in low-dairy or dairy-free diets, and for many people it is not possible to achieve recommended daily calcium intakes with a dairy-free diet. Despite the established benefits for bone health, some people avoid dairy in their diet due to beliefs that dairy may be detrimental to health, especially in those with weight management issues, lactose intolerance, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or trying to avoid cardiovascular disease. This review provides information for health professionals to enable them to help their patients make informed decisions about consuming dairy products as part of a balanced diet. There may be a weak association between dairy consumption and a possible small weight reduction, with decreases in fat mass and waist circumference and increases in lean body mass. Lactose intolerant individuals may not need to completely eliminate dairy products from their diet, as both yogurt and hard cheese are well tolerated. Among people with arthritis, there is no evidence for a benefit to avoid dairy consumption. Dairy products do not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly if low fat. Intake of up to three servings of dairy products per day appears to be safe and may confer a favourable benefit with regard to bone health.

Smit E, Nieto FJ, Crespo CJ, Mitchell P (1999) Estimates of animal and plant protein intake in US adults: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1991. J Am Diet Assoc 99(7):813–820. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00193-5 CrossRefPubMed

Feskanich D, Willett WC, Colditz GA (2003) Calcium, vitamin D, milk consumption, and hip fractures: a prospective study among postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 77(2):504–511PubMed

Chevalley T, Bonjour JP, Ferrari S, Rizzoli R (2008) High-protein intake enhances the positive impact of physical activity on BMC in prepubertal boys. J Bone Miner Res 23(1):131–142. doi:10.1359/jbmr.070907 CrossRefPubMed

Vissers PA, Streppel MT, Feskens EJ, de Groot LC (2011) The contribution of dairy products to micronutrient intake in the Netherlands. J Am Coll Nutr 30(5 Suppl 1):415S–421SCrossRefPubMed

Skinner ML, Simpson JA, Buchholz AC (2011) Dietary and total calcium intakes are associated with lower percentage total body and truncal fat in young, healthy adults. J Am Coll Nutr 30(6):484–490CrossRefPubMed

Gueguen L, Pointillart A (2000) The bioavailability of dietary calcium. J Am Coll Nutr 19(2 Suppl):119S–136SCrossRefPubMed

Gueguen L (2001) Calcium, phosphorus. Apports Nutritionnels Conseillees pour la Population Francaise (Recommended nutrient intakes for the French population). Tech & Doc, Paris

Bonjour JP (2011) Calcium and phosphate: a duet of ions playing for bone health. J Am Coll Nutr 30(5 Suppl 1):438S–448SCrossRefPubMed

Elmadfa I (2009) European Nutrition and Health Report 2009. Forum Nutr. Basel, Switzerland, vol 69. Karger, New York

10.

Lopes AC, Caiaffa WT, Sichieri R, Mingoti SA, Lima-Costa MF (2005) Nutrient consumption by adults and seniors in a population-based study: the Bambui Project. Cadernos de saude publica 21(4):1201–1209. doi:10.1590/S0102-311x2005000400022 CrossRefPubMed

11.

Heaney RP (2009) Dairy and bone health. J Am Coll Nutr 28(Suppl 1):82S–90SCrossRefPubMed

12.

Caroli A, Poli A, Ricotta D, Banfi G, Cocchi D (2011) Invited review: dairy intake and bone health: a viewpoint from the state of the art. J Dairy Sci 94(11):5249–5262. doi:10.3168/jds.2011-4578 CrossRefPubMed

13.

Agriculture USDo (2010) Dietary guidelines for Americans, 7th edn. Agriculture USDo, Washington, DC

14.

Agriculture USDo (2013) USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 26

15.

Fulgoni VL 3rd, Keast DR, Auestad N, Quann EE (2011) Nutrients from dairy foods are difficult to replace in diets of Americans: food pattern modeling and an analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006. Nutr Res 31(10):759–765. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2011.09.017 CrossRefPubMed

16.

Marcoe K, Juan W, Yamini S, Carlson A, Britten P (2006) Development of food group composites and nutrient profiles for the MyPyramid Food Guidance System. J Nutr Educ Behav 38(6 Suppl):S93–S107. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2006.05.014 CrossRefPubMed

17.

Gao X, Wilde PE, Lichtenstein AH, Tucker KL (2006) Meeting adequate intake for dietary calcium without dairy foods in adolescents aged 9 to 18 years (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2002). J Am Diet Assoc 106(11):1759–1765. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.08.019 CrossRefPubMed

18.

Weaver CM (2009) Should dairy be recommended as part of a healthy vegetarian diet? Point. Am J Clin Nutr 89(5):1634S–1637S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736O CrossRefPubMed

19.

Keller JL, Lanou A, Barnard ND (2002) The consumer cost of calcium from food and supplements. J Am Diet Assoc 102(11):1669–1671CrossRefPubMed

20.

Weaver CM, Proulx WR, Heaney R (1999) Choices for achieving adequate dietary calcium with a vegetarian diet. Am J Clin Nutr 70:543S–548SPubMed

21.

Rizzoli R (2008) Nutrition: its role in bone health. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 22(5):813–829. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2008.08.005 CrossRefPubMed

22.

Cheng S, Lyytikainen A, Kroger H, Lamberg-Allardt C, Alen M, Koistinen A, Wang QJ, Suuriniemi M, Suominen H, Mahonen A, Nicholson PH, Ivaska KK, Korpela R, Ohlsson C, Vaananen KH, Tylavsky F (2005) Effects of calcium, dairy product, and vitamin D supplementation on bone mass accrual and body composition in 10-12-y-old girls: a 2-y randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 82(5):1115–1126PubMed

23.

Li Y, Tome D, Desjeux JF (1989) Indirect effect of casein phosphopeptides on calcium absorption in rat ileum in vitro. Reprod Nutr Dev 29(2):227–233CrossRefPubMed

24.

Bonjour JP, Kraenzlin M, Levasseur R, Warren M, Whiting S (2013) Dairy in adulthood: from foods to nutrient interactions on bone and skeletal muscle health. J Am Coll Nutr 32(4):251–263. doi:10.1080/07315724.2013.816604 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Bailey RL, Dodd KW, Goldman JA, Gahche JJ, Dwyer JT, Moshfegh AJ, Sempos CT, Picciano MF (2010) Estimation of total usual calcium and vitamin D intakes in the United States. J Nutr 140(4):817–822CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Manios Y, Moschonis G, Trovas G, Lyritis GP (2007) Changes in biochemical indexes of bone metabolism and bone mineral density after a 12-mo dietary intervention program: the Postmenopausal Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 86(3):781–789PubMed

27.

Moschonis G, Katsaroli I, Lyritis GP, Manios Y (2010) The effects of a 30-month dietary intervention on bone mineral density: the Postmenopausal Health Study. Br J Nutr 104(1):100–107. doi:10.1017/S000711451000019X CrossRefPubMed

28.

Prince R, Devine A, Dick I, Criddle A, Kerr D, Kent N, Price R, Randell A (1995) The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 10(7):1068–1075CrossRefPubMed

29.

Body JJ, Bergmann P, Boonen S, Boutsen Y, Bruyere O, Devogelaer JP, Goemaere S, Hollevoet N, Kaufman JM, Milisen K, Rozenberg S, Reginster JY (2011) Non-pharmacological management of osteoporosis: a consensus of the Belgian Bone Club. Osteoporos Int 22(11):2769–2788. doi:10.1007/s00198-011-1545-x CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY, Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for C, Economic Aspects of O, Osteoarthritis, the Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis F (2013) European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 24(1):23–57. doi:10.1007/s00198-012-2074-y CrossRef

31.

Sunyecz JA (2008) The use of calcium and vitamin D in the management of osteoporosis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 4(4):827–836PubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Rizzoli R, Bianchi ML, Garabedian M, McKay HA, Moreno LA (2010) Maximizing bone mineral mass gain during growth for the prevention of fractures in the adolescents and the elderly. Bone 46(2):294–305. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.10.005 CrossRefPubMed

33.

Ferrari S, Rizzoli R, Bonjour JP (1999) Genetic aspects of osteoporosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 11(4):294–300CrossRefPubMed

34.

Rizzoli R (2014) Dairy products, yogurts, and bone health. Am J Clin Nutr 99(5 Suppl):1256S–1262S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.073056 CrossRefPubMed

35.

Ganpule A, Yajnik CS, Fall CH, Rao S, Fisher DJ, Kanade A, Cooper C, Naik S, Joshi N, Lubree H, Deshpande V, Joglekar C (2006) Bone mass in Indian children–relationships to maternal nutritional status and diet during pregnancy: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91(8):2994–3001. doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2431 CrossRefPubMed

36.

Cole ZA, Gale CR, Javaid MK, Robinson SM, Law C, Boucher BJ, Crozier SR, Godfrey KM, Dennison EM, Cooper C (2009) Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and childhood bone mass: a longitudinal study. J Bone Miner Res 24(4):663–668. doi:10.1359/jbmr.081212 CrossRefPubMed

37.

Dror DK, Allen LH (2014) Dairy product intake in children and adolescents in developed countries: trends, nutritional contribution, and a review of association with health outcomes. Nutr Rev 72(2):68–81. doi:10.1111/nure.12078 CrossRefPubMed

38.

Goulding A, Rockell JE, Black RE, Grant AM, Jones IE, Williams SM (2004) Children who avoid drinking cow’s milk are at increased risk for prepubertal bone fractures. J Am Diet Assoc 104(2):250–253. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2003.11.008 CrossRefPubMed

39.

Konstantynowicz J, Nguyen TV, Kaczmarski M, Jamiolkowski J, Piotrowska-Jastrzebska J, Seeman E (2007) Fractures during growth: potential role of a milk-free diet. Osteoporos Int 18(12):1601–1607. doi:10.1007/s00198-007-0397-x CrossRefPubMed

40.

Du X, Zhu K, Trube A, Zhang Q, Ma G, Hu X, Fraser DR, Greenfield H (2004) School-milk intervention trial enhances growth and bone mineral accretion in Chinese girls aged 10–12 years in Beijing. Br J Nutr 92(1):159–168. doi:10.1079/BJN20041118 CrossRefPubMed

41.

Winzenberg T, Shaw K, Fryer J, Jones G (2006) Effects of calcium supplementation on bone density in healthy children: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 333(7572):775. doi:10.1136/bmj.38950.561400.55 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

42.

Huncharek M, Muscat J, Kupelnick B (2008) Impact of dairy products and dietary calcium on bone-mineral content in children: results of a meta-analysis. Bone 43(2):312–321. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2008.02.022 CrossRefPubMed

43.

Bonjour JP, Carrie AL, Ferrari S, Clavien H, Slosman D, Theintz G, Rizzoli R (1997) Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Invest 99(6):1287–1294. doi:10.1172/JCI119287 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Chevalley T, Bonjour JP, Ferrari S, Hans D, Rizzoli R (2005) Skeletal site selectivity in the effects of calcium supplementation on areal bone mineral density gain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in prepubertal boys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90(6):3342–3349. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1455 CrossRefPubMed

45.

Bonjour JP, Chevalley T, Ammann P, Slosman D, Rizzoli R (2001) Gain in bone mineral mass in prepubertal girls 3.5 years after discontinuation of calcium supplementation: a follow-up study. Lancet 358(9289):1208–1212. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06342-5 CrossRefPubMed

46.

Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clinton SK, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Gallagher JC, Gallo RL, Jones G, Kovacs CS, Mayne ST, Rosen CJ, Shapses SA (2011) The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96(1):53–58. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2704 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Okano T (2003) Recommended daily allowance and dietary reference intakes for vitamin D and calcium in Japanese. Clin Calcium 13(7):876–881. doi:CliCa0307876881

48.

Theobald HE (2005) Dietary calcium and health - http://www.nutrition.org.uk/attachments/105_Dietary%20calcium%20and%20health.pdf

49.

https://www.nrv.gov.au/nutrients/calcium

50.

Rizzoli R, Stevenson JC, Bauer JM, van Loon LJC, Walrand S, Kanis JA, Cooper C, Brandi M-L, Diez-Perez A, Reginster J-Y, Force ftET (2014) The role of dietary protein and vitamin D in maintaining musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women: A consensus statement from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Maturitas 79:122–132. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.07.005 CrossRefPubMed

51.

Tang BMP, Eslick GD, Nowson C, Smith C, Bensoussan A (2007) Use of calcium or calcium in combination with vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures and bone loss in people aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis. Lancet 370(9588):657–666. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61342-7 CrossRefPubMed

52.

Boonen S, Lips P, Bouillon R, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Vanderschueren D, Haentjens P (2007) Need for additional calcium to reduce the risk of hip fracture with vitamin d supplementation: evidence from a comparative metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(4):1415–1423. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1404 CrossRefPubMed

53.

Nowson CA (2010) Prevention of fractures in older people with calcium and vitamin D. Nutrients 2(9):975–984CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

54.

McCarron DA, Heaney RP (2004) Estimated healthcare savings associated with adequate dairy food intake. Am J Hypertens 17(1):88–97CrossRefPubMed

55.

Lotters FJ, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Fardellone P, Rizzoli R, Rocher E, Poley MJ (2013) Dairy foods and osteoporosis: an example of assessing the health-economic impact of food products. Osteoporos Int 24(1):139–150. doi:10.1007/s00198-012-1998-6 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

56.

Schurch MA, Rizzoli R, Slosman D, Vadas L, Vergnaud P, Bonjour JP (1998) Protein supplements increase serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels and attenuate proximal femur bone loss in patients with recent hip fracture. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 128(10):801–809CrossRefPubMed

57.

Munger RG, Cerhan JR, Chiu BC (1999) Prospective study of dietary protein intake and risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 69(1):147–152PubMed

58.

Wengreen HJ, Munger RG, West NA, Cutler DR, Corcoran CD, Zhang J, Sassano NE (2004) Dietary protein intake and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in elderly residents of Utah. J Bone Miner Res 19(4):537–545. doi:10.1359/jbmr.040208 CrossRefPubMed

59.

Darling AL, Millward DJ, Torgerson DJ, Hewitt CE, Lanham-New SA (2009) Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 90(6):1674–1692. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27799 CrossRefPubMed

60.

Barzel US, Massey LK (1998) Excess dietary protein can adversely affect bone. J Nutr 128(6):1051–1053PubMed

61.

Frassetto L, Morris RC Jr, Sellmeyer DE, Todd K, Sebastian A (2001) Diet, evolution and aging–the pathophysiologic effects of the post-agricultural inversion of the potassium-to-sodium and base-to-chloride ratios in the human diet. Eur J Nutr 40(5):200–213CrossRefPubMed

62.

Sellmeyer DE, Stone KL, Sebastian A, Cummings SR (2001) A high ratio of dietary animal to vegetable protein increases the rate of bone loss and the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Am J Clin Nutr 73(1):118–122PubMed

63.

Bonjour JP (2013) Nutritional disturbance in acid-base balance and osteoporosis: a hypothesis that disregards the essential homeostatic role of the kidney. Br J Nutr 110(7):1168–1177CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

64.

Fenton TR, Tough SC, Lyon AW, Eliasziw M, Hanley DA (2011) Causal assessment of dietary acid load and bone disease: a systematic review & meta-analysis applying Hill’s epidemiologic criteria for causality. Nutr J 10:41. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-41 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

65.

Calvez J, Poupin N, Chesneau C, Lassale C, Tome D (2012) Protein intake, calcium balance and health consequences. Eur J Clin Nutr 66(3):281–295. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.196 CrossRefPubMed

66.

Thorpe MP, Jacobson EH, Layman DK, He X, Kris-Etherton PM, Evans EM (2008) A diet high in protein, dairy, and calcium attenuates bone loss over twelve months of weight loss and maintenance relative to a conventional high-carbohydrate diet in adults. J Nutr 138(6):1096–1100PubMed

67.

Jehle S, Hulter HN, Krapf R (2013) Effect of potassium citrate on bone density, microarchitecture, and fracture risk in healthy older adults without osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(1):207–217. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3099 CrossRefPubMed

68.

Bruyère O, Rizzoli R, Coxam V, Avouac B, Chevalier T, Fabien-Soulé V, Kanis JA, Kaufman JM, Tsouderos Y, Reginster JY (2012) Assessment of health claims in the field of bone: a view of the Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science (GREES). Osteoporos Int 23(1):193–199CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

69.

Prentice A (2004) Diet, nutrition and the prevention of osteoporosis. Public Health Nutr 7(1A):227–243CrossRefPubMed

70.

Kanis JA, Odén A, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Wahl DA, Cooper C (2012) A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide. Osteoporos Int 23(9):2239–2256CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

71.

Prentice AM (2014) Dairy products in global public health. Am J Clin Nutr 99(5 Suppl):1212S–1216S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.073437 CrossRefPubMed

72.

Olausson H, Goldberg GR, Laskey MA, Schoenmakers I, Jarjou LM, Prentice A (2012) Calcium economy in human pregnancy and lactation. Nutr Res Rev 25(1):40–67. doi:10.1017/s0954422411000187 CrossRefPubMed

73.

Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Baron JA, Kanis JA, Orav EJ, Staehelin HB, Kiel DP, Burckhardt P, Henschkowski J, Spiegelman D, Li R, Wong JB, Feskanich D, Willett WC (2011) Milk intake and risk of hip fracture in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Bone Miner Res 26(4):833–839. doi:10.1002/jbmr.279 CrossRefPubMed

74.

Feskanich D, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA (1997) Milk, dietary calcium, and bone fractures in women: a 12-year prospective study. Am J Public Health 87(6):992–997CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

75.

Sahni S, Tucker KL, Kiel DP, Quach L, Casey VA, Hannan MT (2013) Milk and yogurt consumption are linked with higher bone mineral density but not with hip fracture: the Framingham Offspring Study. Arch Osteoporos 8(1–2):119. doi:10.1007/s11657-013-0119-2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

76.

Sahni S, Mangano KM, Tucker KL, Kiel DP, Casey VA, Hannan MT (2014) Protective association of milk intake on the risk of hip fracture: results from the Framingham Original Cohort. J Bone Miner Res 29(8):1756–1762CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

77.

Michaelsson K, Melhus H, Bellocco R, Wolk A (2003) Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake in relation to osteoporotic fracture risk. Bone 32(6):694–703CrossRefPubMed

78.

Michaëlsson K, Wolk A, Langenskiöld S, Basu S, Warensjö Lemming E, Melhus H, Byberg L (2014) Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures in women and men: cohort studies. BMJ 349:g6015CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

79.

Livsmedelsverket (2009) The National Food Agency, Sweden. Berikning av mjölk med vitamin A (Vitamin A fortification of milk). LIVSMEDELSVERKET 2009-12-11 Nutritionsavdelningen. Available from: http://www.slv.se/upload/dokument/mat/vitaminermineraler/Vitamin%20A%20berikning%20av%20mj%C3%B6lk.pdf. Accessed 05 Jan 2014

80.

Bultink IE, Lems WF (2013) Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: what is the overlap? Curr Rheumatol Rep 15(5):328CrossRefPubMed

81.

Lanou AJ, Barnard ND (2008) Dairy and weight loss hypothesis: an evaluation of the clinical trials. Nutr Rev 66(5):272–279. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00032.x CrossRefPubMed

82.

Trowman R, Dumville JC, Hahn S, Torgerson DJ (2006) A systematic review of the effects of calcium supplementation on body weight. Br J Nutr 95(6):1033–1038CrossRefPubMed

83.

Huang TT, McCrory MA (2005) Dairy intake, obesity, and metabolic health in children and adolescents: knowledge and gaps. Nutr Rev 63(3):71–80CrossRefPubMed

84.

Winzenberg T, Shaw K, Fryer J, Jones G (2007) Calcium supplements in healthy children do not affect weight gain, height, or body composition. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md) 15(7):1789–1798. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.213 CrossRef

85.

Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB (2011) Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N Engl J Med 364(25):2392–2404. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1014296 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

86.

Abargouei AS, Janghorbani M, Salehi-Marzijarani M, Esmaillzadeh A (2012) Effect of dairy consumption on weight and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Int J Obes 36(12):1485–1493. doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.269 CrossRef

87.

Chen M, Pan A, Malik VS, Hu FB (2012) Effects of dairy intake on body weight and fat: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 96(4):735–747. doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.037119 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

88.

Louie JC, Flood VM, Hector DJ, Rangan AM, Gill TP (2011) Dairy consumption and overweight and obesity: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Obes Rev 12(7):e582–e592. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00881.x CrossRefPubMed

89.

Dougkas A, Reynolds CK, Givens ID, Elwood PC, Minihane AM (2011) Associations between dairy consumption and body weight: a review of the evidence and underlying mechanisms. Nutr Res Rev 24(1):72–95. doi:10.1017/s095442241000034x CrossRefPubMed

90.

McGregor RA, Poppitt SD (2013) Milk protein for improved metabolic health: a review of the evidence. Nutr Metab (Lond) 10(1):46. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-10-46.) CrossRef

91.

Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Sayon-Orea C, Ruiz-Canela M, de la Fuente C, Gea A, Bes-Rastrollo M (2014) Yogurt consumption, weight change and risk of overweight/obesity: The SUN cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.02014.00105.00015

92.

McCarron DA, Morris CD, Henry HJ, Stanton JL (1984) Blood pressure and nutrient intake in the United States. Science 224(4656):1392–1398CrossRefPubMed

93.

Zemel MB, Shi H, Greer B, Dirienzo D, Zemel PC (2000) Regulation of adiposity by dietary calcium. FASEB J 14(9):1132–1138PubMed

94.

Zemel MB, Thompson W, Milstead A, Morris K, Campbell P (2004) Calcium and dairy acceleration of weight and fat loss during energy restriction in obese adults. Obes Res 12(4):582–590. doi:10.1038/oby.2004.67 CrossRefPubMed

95.

Zemel MB, Richards J, Mathis S, Milstead A, Gebhardt L, Silva E (2005) Dairy augmentation of total and central fat loss in obese subjects. Int J Obes 29(4):391–397. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802880 CrossRef

96.

Zemel MB, Richards J, Milstead A, Campbell P (2005) Effects of calcium and dairy on body composition and weight loss in African-American adults. Obes Res 13(7):1218–1225. doi:10.1038/oby.2005.144 CrossRefPubMed

97.

Astrup A, Chaput JP, Gilbert JA, Lorenzen JK (2010) Dairy beverages and energy balance. Physiol Behav 100(1):67–75. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.01.039 CrossRefPubMed

98.

Birge SJ Jr, Keutmann HT, Cuatrecasas P, Whedon GD (1967) Osteoporosis, intestinal lactase deficiency and low dietary calcium intake. N Engl J Med 276(8):445–448. doi:10.1056/nejm196702232760805 CrossRefPubMed

99.

Finkenstedt G, Skrabal F, Gasser RW, Braunsteiner H (1986) Lactose absorption, milk consumption, and fasting blood glucose concentrations in women with idiopathic osteoporosis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 292(6514):161–162CrossRef

100.

Wilt TJ, Shaukat A, Shamliyan T, Taylor BC, MacDonald R, Tacklind J, Rutks I, Schwarzenberg SJ, Kane RL, Levitt M (2010) Lactose intolerance and health. Evid Rep/Technol Assess 192:1–410

101.

Savaiano DA, Boushey CJ, McCabe GP (2006) Lactose intolerance symptoms assessed by meta-analysis: a grain of truth that leads to exaggeration. J Nutr 136(4):1107–1113PubMed

102.

Suchy FJ, Brannon PM, Carpenter TO, Fernandez JR, Gilsanz V, Gould JB, Hall K, Hui SL, Lupton J, Mennella J, Miller NJ, Osganian SK, Sellmeyer DE, Wolf MA (2010) NIH consensus development conference statement: lactose intolerance and health. NIH Consens State Sci Statements 27(2):1–27PubMed

103.

McBean LD, Miller GD (1998) Allaying fears and fallacies about lactose intolerance. J Am Diet Assoc 98(6):671–676. doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(98)00152-7 CrossRefPubMed

104.

Savaiano DA (2014) Lactose digestion from yogurt: mechanism and relevance. Am J Clin Nutr 99(5 Suppl):1251S–1255S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.073023 CrossRefPubMed

105.

Dainese-Plichon R, Schneider S, Piche T, Hébuterne X (2014) Lactose malabsorption and intolerance in adult subjects [article in French]. Nutr Clin Métabol 28(1):46–51CrossRef

106.

Litwic A, Edwards MH, Dennison EM, Cooper C (2013) Epidemiology and burden of osteoarthritis. Br Med Bull 105:185–199. doi:10.1093/bmb/lds038 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

107.

Dean E, Gormsen Hansen R (2012) Prescribing optimal nutrition and physical activity as “first-line” interventions for best practice management of chronic low-grade inflammation associated with osteoarthritis: evidence synthesis. Arthritis 2012:560634. doi:10.1155/2012/560634 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

108.

Nestel PJ, Pally S, MacIntosh GL, Greeve MA, Middleton S, Jowett J, Meikle PJ (2012) Circulating inflammatory and atherogenic biomarkers are not increased following single meals of dairy foods. Eur J Clin Nutr 66:25–31CrossRefPubMed

109.

Gagliardi AC, Maranhao RC, de Sousa HP, Schaefer EJ, Santos RD (2010) Effects of margarines and butter consumption on lipid profiles, inflammation markers and lipid transfer to HDL particles in free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr 64:1141–1149CrossRefPubMed

110.

Raff M, Tholstrup T, Basu S, Nonboe P, Sorensen MT, Straarup EM (2008) A diet rich in conjugated linoleic acid and butter increases lipid peroxidation but does not affect atherosclerotic, inflammatory, or diabetic risk markers in healthy young men. J Nutr 138:509–514PubMed

111.

Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos CH, Zampelas AD, Chrysohoou CA, Stefanadis CI (2010) Dairy products consumption is associated with decreased levels of inflammatory markers related to cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy adults: the ATTICA study. J Am Coll Nutr 29:357–364CrossRefPubMed

112.

Wang H, Steffen LM, Vessby B, Basu S, Steinberger J, Moran A, Jacobs DR, Hong CP, Sinaiko A (2011) Obesity modifies the relations between serum markers of dairy fats and inflammation and oxidative stress among adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md) 19:2404–2410CrossRef

113.

Labonte ME, Couture P, Richard C, Desroches S, Lamarche B (2013) Impact of dairy products on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review of randomized controlled nutritional intervention studies in overweight and obese adults. Am J Clin Nutr 97:706–717CrossRefPubMed

114.

Labonte ME, Cyr A, Abdullah MM, Lepine MC, Vohl MC, Jones P, Couture P, Lamarche B (2014) Dairy product consumption has no impact on biomarkers of inflammation among men and women with low-grade systemic inflammation. J Nutr 144:1760–1767CrossRefPubMed

115.

Lu B, Driban JB, Duryea J, McAlindon T, Lapane KL, Eaton CB (2014) Milk consumption and progression of medial tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Arthritis Care Res 66(6):802–809. doi:10.1002/acr.22297 CrossRef

116.

Li S, Micheletti R (2011) Role of diet in rheumatic disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 37(1):119–133. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2010.11.006 CrossRefPubMed

117.

Lahiri M, Morgan C, Symmons DP, Bruce IN (2012) Modifiable risk factors for RA: prevention, better than cure? Rheumatology (Oxford) 51(3):499–512. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ker299 CrossRef

118.

Gonzalez Cernadas L, Rodriguez-Romero B, Carballo-Costa L (2014) Importance of nutritional treatment in the inflammatory process of rheumatoid arthritis patients; a review. Nutr Hosp 29(2):237–245. doi:10.3305/nh.2014.29.2.7067 PubMed

119.

Stamp LK, James MJ, Cleland LG (2005) Diet and rheumatoid arthritis: a review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 35(2):77–94. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2005.05.001 CrossRefPubMed

120.

Smedslund G, Byfuglien MG, Olsen SU, Hagen KB (2010) Effectiveness and safety of dietary interventions for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Am Diet Assoc 110(5):727–735. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.02.010 CrossRefPubMed

121.

Hagen KB, Byfuglien MG, Falzon L, Olsen SU, Smedslund G (2009) Dietary interventions for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006400.pub2

122.

Lawrence GD (2013) Dietary fats and health: dietary recommendations in the context of scientific evidence. Adv Nutr 4(3):294–302. doi:10.3945/an.113.003657 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

123.

Gossec L, Pavy S, Pham T, Constantin A, Poiraudeau S, Combe B, Flipo RM, Goupille P, Le Loët X, Mariette X, Puéchal X, Wendling D, Schaeverbeke T, Sibilia J, Tebib J, Cantagrel A, Dougados M (2006) Nonpharmacological treatments in early rheumatoid arthritis: clinical practice guidelines based on published evidence and expert opinion. Joint Bone Spine 73(4):396–402CrossRefPubMed

124.

Martin RH (1998) The role of nutrition and diet in rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Nutr Soc 57(2):231–234CrossRefPubMed

125.

WHO (2015) World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fact sheet N°317. Updated January 2015. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/. Accessed 21 July 2015

126.

Salehi-Abargouei A, Maghsoudi Z, Shirani F, Azadbakht L (2013) Effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet on fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular diseases–incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis on observational prospective studies. Nutrition 29(4):611–618CrossRefPubMed

127.

Huth PJ, Park KM (2012) Influence of dairy product and milk fat consumption on cardiovascular disease risk: a review of the evidence. Adv Nutr 3(3):266–285CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

128.

Benatar JR, Sidhu K, Stewart RA (2013) Effects of high and low fat dairy food on cardio-metabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized studies. PLoS One 8(10):e76480CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

129.

Ralston RA, Lee JH, Truby H, Palermo CE, Walker KZ (2012) A systematic review and meta-analysis of elevated blood pressure and consumption of dairy foods. J Hum Hypertens 26(1):3–13CrossRefPubMed

130.

Soedamah-Muthu SS, Verberne LD, Ding EL, Engberink MF, Geleijnse JM (2012) Dairy consumption and incidence of hypertension: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Hypertension 60(5):1131–1137CrossRefPubMed

131.

Qin LQ, Xu JY, Han SF, Zhang ZL, Zhao YY, Szeto IM (2015) Dairy consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: an updated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 24(1):90–100PubMed

132.

Soedamah-Muthu SS, Ding EL, Al-Delaimy WK, Hu FB, Engberink MF, Willett WC, Geleijnse JM (2011) Milk and dairy consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 93(1):158–171CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

133.

Hu D, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhang D, Qu Y (2014) Dairy foods and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 24(5):460–469CrossRefPubMed

134.

Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, Graham I, Reiner Z, Verschuren M, Albus C, Benlian P, Boysen G, Cifkova R, Deaton C, Ebrahim S, Fisher M, Germano G, Hobbs R, Hoes A, Karadeniz S, Mezzani A, Prescott E, Ryden L, Scherer M, Syvänne M, Scholte Op Reimer WJ, Vrints C, Wood D, Zamorano JL, Zannad F (2012) European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur Heart J 33(13):1635–1701CrossRefPubMed

135.

Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, de Jesus JM, Houston Miller N, Hubbard VS, Lee IM, Lichtenstein AH, Loria CM, Millen BE, Nonas CA, Sacks FM, Smith SC, Svetkey LP, Wadden TA, Yanovski SZ, Kendall KA, Morgan LC, Trisolini MG, Velasco G, Wnek J, Anderson JL, Halperin JL, Albert NM, Bozkurt B, Brindis RG, Curtis LH, DeMets D, Hochman JS, Kovacs RJ, Ohman EM, Pressler SJ, Sellke FW, Shen WK, Smith SC, Tomaselli GF (2014) 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 129(25 (Suppl 2)):S76–S99CrossRefPubMed

136.

de Oliveira Otto MC, Mozaffarian D, Kromhout D, Bertoni AG, Sibley CT, Jacobs DR, Nettleton JA (2012) Dietary intake of saturated fat by food source and incident cardiovascular disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Clin Nutr 96(2):397–404CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

137.

Chowdhury R, Warnakula S, Kunutsor S, Crowe F, Ward HA, Johnson L, Franco OH, Butterworth AS, Forouhi NG, Thompson SG, Khaw KT, Mozaffarian D, Danesh J (2014) Di Angelantonio E (2014) Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 160(6):398–406CrossRefPubMed

138.

Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, Grey A, MacLennan GS, Gamble GD, Reid IR (2010) Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 341:c3691. doi:10.1136/bmj.c3691 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

139.

Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, De Laet C, Johnell O, Eisman JA, Mc Closkey E, Mellstrom D, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A (2005) A meta-analysis of milk intake and fracture risk: low utility for case finding. Osteoporosis Int 16(7):799–804CrossRef

140.

Owusu W, Willett WC, Feskanich D, Ascherio A, Spiegelman D, Colditz GA (1997) Calcium intake and the incidence of forearm and hip fractures among men. J Nutr 127(9):1782–1787PubMed

141.

Cumming RG, Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Scott J, Ensrud KE, Vogt TM, Fox K (1997) Calcium intake and fracture risk: results from the study of osteoporotic fractures. Am J Epidemiol 145(10):926–934CrossRefPubMed

142.

Meyer HE, Pedersen JI, Løken EB, Tverdal A (1997) Dietary factors and the incidence of hip fracture in middle-aged Norwegians. A prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 145(2):117–123CrossRefPubMed

143.

Fujiwara S, Kasagi F, Yamada M, Kodama K (1997) Risk factors for hip fracture in a Japanese cohort. J Bone Miner Res 12(7):998–1004CrossRefPubMed

144.

Feskanich D, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Frazier AL, Willett WC (2014) Milk consumption during teenage years and risk of hip fractures in older adults. JAMA pediatrics 168(1):54–60. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.3821 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

145.

Feart C, Lorrain S, Ginder Coupez V, Samieri C, Letenneur L, Paineau D, Barberger-Gateau P (2013) Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of fractures in French older persons. Osteoporos Int 24(12):3031–3041CrossRefPubMed

146.

Benetou V, Orfanos P, Zylis D, Sieri S, Contiero P, Tumino R, Giurdanella MC, Peeters PH, Linseisen J, Nieters A, Boeing H, Weikert C, Pettersson U, Johansson I, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Dorronsoro M, Boffetta P, Trichopoulou A (2011) Diet and hip fractures among elderly Europeans in the EPIC cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 65(1):132–139CrossRefPubMed

147.

Díez-Pérez A, González-Macías J, Marín F, Abizanda M, Alvarez R, Gimeno A, Pegenaute E, Vila J (2007) Prediction of absolute risk of non-spinal fractures using clinical risk factors and heel quantitative ultrasound. Osteoporos Int 18(5):629–639CrossRefPubMed

148.

Roy DK, O’Neill TW, Finn JD, Lunt M, Silman AJ, Felsenberg D, Armbrecht G, Banzer D, Benevolenskaya LI, Bhalla A, Bruges Armas J, Cannata JB, Cooper C, Dequeker J, Diaz MN, Eastell R, Yershova OB, Felsch B, Gowin W, Havelka S, Hoszowski K, Ismail AA, Jajic I, Janott I, Johnell O, Kanis JA, Kragl G, Lopez Vaz A, Lorenc R, Lyritis G, Masaryk P, Matthis C, Miazgowski T, Gennari C, Pols HA, Poor G, Raspe HH, Reid DM, Reisinger W, Scheidt-Nave C, Stepan JJ, Todd CJ, Weber K, Woolf AD, Reeve J (2003) Determinants of incident vertebral fracture in men and women: results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study (EPOS). Osteoporos Int 14(1):19–26. doi:10.1007/s00198-002-1317-8 CrossRefPubMed

149.

Looker AC, Harris TB, Madans JH, Sempos CT (1993) Dietary calcium and hip fracture risk: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study. Osteoporos Int 3(4):177–184CrossRefPubMed

Title: Effects of Dairy Products Consumption on Health: Benefits and Beliefs—A Commentary from the Belgian Bone Club and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases
Authors: Serge Rozenberg
Jean-Jacques Body
Olivier Bruyère
Pierre Bergmann
Maria Luisa Brandi
Cyrus Cooper
Jean-Pierre Devogelaer
Evelien Gielen
Stefan Goemaere
Jean-Marc Kaufman
René Rizzoli
Jean-Yves Reginster
Publication date: 01-01-2016
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Calcified Tissue International / Issue 1/2016
Print ISSN: 0171-967X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0827
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-015-0062-x

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Effects of Dairy Products Consumption on Health: Benefits and Beliefs—A Commentary from the Belgian Bone Club and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases

Abstract

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

Impact of Growth Hormone on Adult Bone Quality in Turner Syndrome: A HR-pQCT Study

Effect of Milk Powder Supplementation with Different Calcium Contents on Bone Mineral Density of Postmenopausal Women in Northern China: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Trial

Advanced Age, High β-CTX Levels, and Impaired Renal Function are Independent Risk Factors for All-Cause One-Year Mortality in Hip Fracture Patients

Biochemical Predictors of Low Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Susceptibility in Maltese Postmenopausal Women

Ladder-Climbing Training Prevents Bone Loss and Microarchitecture Deterioration in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Evaluation of a Modified Pamidronate Protocol for the Treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page