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01-04-2016 | Original Article

A combination of low serum concentrations of vitamins K₁ and D is associated with increased risk of hip fractures in elderly Norwegians: a NOREPOS study

Authors: T. E. Finnes, C. M. Lofthus, H. E. Meyer, A. J. Søgaard, G. S. Tell, E. M. Apalset, C. Gjesdal, G. Grimnes, B. Schei, R. Blomhoff, S. O. Samuelsen, K. Holvik

Published in: Osteoporosis International | Issue 4/2016

Abstract

Summary

The present study investigated the risk of incident hip fractures according to serum concentrations of vitamin K₁ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in elderly Norwegians during long-term follow-up. The results showed that the combination of low concentrations of both vitamin D and K₁ provides a significant risk factor for hip fractures.

Introduction

This case-cohort study aims to investigate the associations between serum vitamin K₁ and hip fracture and the possible effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) on this association.

Methods

The source cohort was 21,774 men and women aged 65 to 79 years who attended Norwegian community-based health studies during 1994–2001. Hip fractures were identified through hospital registers during median follow-up of 8.2 years. Vitamins were determined in serum obtained at baseline in all hip fracture cases (n = 1090) and in a randomly selected subcohort (n = 1318). Cox proportional hazards regression with quartiles of serum vitamin K₁ as explanatory variable was performed. Analyses were further performed with the following four groups as explanatory variable: I: vitamin K₁ ≥ 0.76 and 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/l, II: vitamin K₁ ≥ 0.76 and 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l, III: vitamin K₁ < 0.76 and 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/l, and IV: vitamin K₁ < 0.76 and 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l.

Results

Age- and sex-adjusted analyses revealed an inverse association between quartiles of vitamin K₁ and the risk of hip fracture. Further, a 50 % higher risk of hip fracture was observed in subjects with both low vitamin K₁ and 25(OH)D compared with subjects with high vitamin K₁ and 25(OH)D (HR 1.50, 95 % CI 1.18–1.90). The association remained statistically significant after adjusting for body mass index, smoking, triglycerides, and serum α-tocopherol. No increased risk was observed in the groups low in one vitamin only.

Conclusion

Combination of low concentrations of vitamin K₁ and 25(OH)D is associated with increased risk of hip fractures.

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Title: A combination of low serum concentrations of vitamins K1 and D is associated with increased risk of hip fractures in elderly Norwegians: a NOREPOS study
Authors: T. E. Finnes
C. M. Lofthus
H. E. Meyer
A. J. Søgaard
G. S. Tell
E. M. Apalset
C. Gjesdal
G. Grimnes
B. Schei
R. Blomhoff
S. O. Samuelsen
K. Holvik
Publication date: 01-04-2016
Publisher: Springer London
Published in: Osteoporosis International / Issue 4/2016
Print ISSN: 0937-941X
Electronic ISSN: 1433-2965
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3435-0

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A combination of low serum concentrations of vitamins K₁ and D is associated with increased risk of hip fractures in elderly Norwegians: a NOREPOS study

Abstract

Summary

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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Abstract

Summary

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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