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01-05-2011 | Original Article

Menopausal bone changes and incident fractures in diabetic women: a cohort study

Authors: N. Khalil, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, E. S. Strotmeyer, G. A. Greendale, M. Vuga, F. Selzer, C. J. Crandall, J. A. Cauley

Published in: Osteoporosis International | Issue 5/2011

Abstract

Summary

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of bone loss and incident fractures in women with diabetes mellitus (DM) across menopause. During menopause, DM women experienced bone mineral density (BMD) loss that was faster at hip and slower at spine and had a higher risk of fractures, perhaps because of their earlier menopause. The increasing DM epidemic will contribute to higher fracture burden.

Introduction

Women with DM have a higher risk of fractures independent of age, body mass index (BMI), and BMD. Our objective is to evaluate if women with DM experience greater bone loss and more fractures across menopause.

Methods

Two thousand one hundred seventy one women, aged 42 to 52 years at baseline (1996), enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a prospective study, with 8 years of annual follow up. One thousand three hundred forty six (62%) completed annual visit 7 (2004). Women with baseline fasting blood glucose level of ≥126 mg/dl and those being treated for diabetes were designated as DM. Annual assessment of menopausal stage, BMD, and urinary N-telopeptide (NTx) were carried out. Rate of change in BMD across menopause and annual self-report data for risk of incident fractures by DM status were determined.

Results

Despite higher baseline BMD at hip (p = <0.001), and lumbar spine (p = <0.001), rate of decline in BMD was faster at hip (β = −0.45 vs. −0.11 gm/cm²/year, p = <0.001) for DM women, compared to non-DM. However, lumbar spine bone loss was slower in women with DM as compared to non-DM women (β = 0.04 vs. −0.25 gm/cm²/year, p = 0.004). DM women experienced menopause 3 years earlier than non-DM women (p = 0.002), and age adjusted incident fractures were two fold higher in women with DM compared to non-DM (RR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.26–3.85, p = <0.006).

Conclusions

BMD loss is greater in hip and slower at spine in DM women during menopausal transition. Women with DM have a higher risk of fractures, perhaps because of their earlier menopause.

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Title: Menopausal bone changes and incident fractures in diabetic women: a cohort study
Authors: N. Khalil
K. Sutton-Tyrrell
E. S. Strotmeyer
G. A. Greendale
M. Vuga
F. Selzer
C. J. Crandall
J. A. Cauley
Publication date: 01-05-2011
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Osteoporosis International / Issue 5/2011
Print ISSN: 0937-941X
Electronic ISSN: 1433-2965
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1357-4

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Springer Medicine

Menopausal bone changes and incident fractures in diabetic women: a cohort study

Abstract

Summary

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Summary

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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