Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and instability of the atherosclerotic plaque: a causative role? | springermedicine.com

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01-06-2013 | Review

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and instability of the atherosclerotic plaque: a causative role?

Authors: Roberta Della Bona, Maria Teresa Cardillo, Milena Leo, Gina Biasillo, Massimo Gustapane, Francesco Trotta, Luigi M. Biasucci

Published in: Inflammation Research | Issue 6/2013

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Abstract

Objective

The aim of this review is to examine the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the evolution of atherosclerosis.

Introduction

While the role of PMNs in the evolution of atherosclerosic process has failed until recently to attract much attention, a body of research carried out over the last decade has disclosed the unexpectedly complex behavior of these cells, unraveling an unexpected key role for PMNs in the onset and progression of atheroma.

Methods

A PubMed database search was performed for studies providing evidences on the role of PMNs in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesion.

Results and Conclusions

Activated PMNs were shown to produce and release reactive oxygen species, inflammatory leukotrienes and proteolytic lysosomal enzymes, directly inducing vascular damage. Activated PMNs also secrete myeloperoxidase, involved in lipoprotein oxidation. PMNs have a finite lifespan and typically die through apoptosis, which thus represents a counter-regulatory mechanism limiting the toxic potential of these short-lived, terminally differentiated cells. Dysregulation of this process probably contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of several inflammatory diseases. Moreover, high circulating levels of PMN–platelet aggregates have been reported in patients with clinical atherosclerosis, and recent studies suggest that these aggregates may play a role in vascular response to injury. It has been suggested that this heterotypic interaction between platelets and leukocytes might represent a link between hemostasis/thrombosis and the inflammatory response.

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Title: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and instability of the atherosclerotic plaque: a causative role?
Authors: Roberta Della Bona
Maria Teresa Cardillo
Milena Leo
Gina Biasillo
Massimo Gustapane
Francesco Trotta
Luigi M. Biasucci
Publication date: 01-06-2013
Publisher: SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel
Published in: Inflammation Research / Issue 6/2013
Print ISSN: 1023-3830
Electronic ISSN: 1420-908X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-013-0617-0

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